Discovering the Portland presence of a wasp that kills the eggs of the dreaded brown marmorated stinkbug might be cause for more head scratching than fist bumps, but researchers will take good breaks where they find them.

The Oregon Department of Agriculture announced that one of its entomologists discovered a cluster of stinkbug eggs in Portland that had been obliterated by a tiny, parasitic wasp called Trissolcus japonicus. The finding may speed up control of brown marmorated stinkbug.

Like the stinkbug, referred to as BMSB, the wasp isn’t native to Oregon. The female wasp lays its eggs inside the eggs of stinkbugs. The developing wasp larvae essentially eat their way out as they grow, destroying the host.

That trait caught they eye of researchers at ODA, Oregon State University and elsewhere, because BMSB will eat nearly anything and are considered a major threat to fruit, berry, vegetable and nut crops. Its discovery in southeast Portland’s venerable Ladd’s Addition neighborhood in 2004 touched off a program, funded by the USDA’s Agricultural Research Services, to find a method of biocontrol, as bug-on-bug predation is called.

The state ag department leases space at OSU, which cooperates in the research, to raise the wasps in quarantine and sic them on BMSB in the laboratory.

One of the key questions is whether the wasps might harm beneficial native bugs as well. Entomologists have been working on it since 2011; the idea is to gather enough data to petition USDA’s Animal Plant Health Inspection Service for permission to release the predator wasps. Researchers in New York, Delaware, Florida, Michigan and California are doing similar work.

In 2014, things began to go sideways. The wasp was found in a mid-Atlantic state, and researchers immediately suspected wasps had escaped from quarantine. But DNA analysis showed it wasn’t from any of the colonies that researchers around the country keep in quarantine.

Last summer, the same thing happened in Vancouver, Wash. A wasp was recovered by Washington State University, but it also wasn’t from any of the quarantined populations. What’s more, it wasn’t from the same group as the wasp caught in the mid-Atlantic state.

This summer, entomologist Chris Hedstrom of ODA was checking a private property site near Oregon Health & Science University in Portland when he came across a cluster of BMSB eggs by accident.

The eggs had been wiped out, and it was clear wasp larvae were to blame. Wasps roughly chew their way out, while stinkbugs emerge through a neat hole, Hedstrom said.

“Oh, we have something here,” Hedstrom described his reaction.

Recognizing the potential importance of the find, Hedstrom returned within 15 hours and set what are called “sentinel” traps baited with BMSB eggs collected in ODA’s laboratory in Salem.

Two days later, he found wasps had struck again. He collected the eggs and adult “guardian” wasps that hang to protect the cluster from other parasitoids after they’ve deposited their young into the BMSB eggs. A single female can parasitize an entire egg cluster, Hedstrom said.

In July, the wasp larvae emerged in captivity and have since been identified as Trissolcus japonicus.

Additional study by the Smithsonian’s Systematic Entomology Lab will determine the lineage of the Portland wasps. Hedstrom believes they are part of the Vancouver group, given the relative proximity.

He said the wasps probably arrived in the Pacific Northwest the same way BMSB did — by hitching a ride into the Port of Portland or Port of Vancouver.

Hedstrom said the findings may speed up the process of gaining APHIS approval to release wasps as a biocontrol agent.

Hedstroms said the development is encouraging after years of telling growers it will take more time before biocontrols gain approval.

“We still have to error on the side of caution,” he said.

BOARDMAN, Ore. — Morrow County could soon be home to another giant dairy farm with tens of thousands of milking cows near Boardman.

Willow Creek Dairy, run by Greg te Velde of California, was established in 2002 on land leased from nearby Threemile Canyon Farms. Now, te Velde is looking to relocate and expand his operation onto 7,288 acres purchased last year from the former Boardman Tree Farm.

If permitted, the dairy — renamed Lost Valley Ranch — would house 30,000 cows, making it the second-largest in the state behind only Threemile Canyon. But before that can happen, the Oregon Department of Agriculture and Department of Environmental Quality must sign off on an application to register the farm as a confined animal feeding operation, or CAFO.

The application includes an animal waste management plan and water pollution permit that details how Lost Valley will handle the 187 million gallons of manure it will generate annually.

“It regulates all of the manure and process wastewater,” said Wyn Matthews, who manages the CAFO program for ODA. “The permit is protective of both surface water and groundwater.”

A public hearing is scheduled for 4 p.m. Thursday at the Port of Morrow Riverfront Center to ask questions and submit comments. Written comments will also be accepted through 5 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 4.

Don Butcher, wastewater permitting manager for DEQ in Pendleton, said there has been some concern about Lost Valley’s location within the Lower Umatilla Basin Groundwater Management Area, which was designated by the agency in 1990 due to high levels of nitrates that exceeded federal safe drinking water standards.

Animal waste has the potential to load even more nitrates in groundwater, if it isn’t dealt with properly. However, Butcher said the dairy’s plan might just prove to be a template for permitting future facilities.

“We were pretty satisfied with how the permit finally came out for public comment,” Butcher said.

Details in the application were ironed out over a period of months, according to te Velde. They include designs for a wastewater lagoon, land application and extensive groundwater and soil monitoring. Overall, te Velde said he is relatively confident they have everything covered.

“We’re abiding by the CAFO rules provided by the state,” he said.

Lost Valley Ranch would be about a mile and a half east of where Homestead Lane meets Poleline Road. About 5,900 acres of the property would be used to grow feed for the cows, such as corn silage, alfalfa and triticale.

Currently, the dairy produces roughly 70,000 gallons of milk every day for Tillamook Cheese, which operates a plant just down Interstate 84 at the Port of Morrow. The location is great, te Velde said, and will keep Lost Valley sustainable in the long run.

“We like it here. It’s a great area to farm,” he said.

Others, including Morrow County, have their concerns. Planning Director Carla McLane said that while she did sign the project’s land use compatibility, she did so with trepidation. That is based in part on the location within the Groundwater Management Area.

“The fact that there are already two dairies and a beef CAFO within a three- or four-mile radius, with some significantly closer, only increases the concerns about the development of another much larger dairy,” McLane wrote in comments submitted to ODA.

The dairy would also span three other critical groundwater areas, McLane wrote, which in some cases have completely restricted the use of groundwater for agriculture. McLane requested the hearing Thursday so their issues can be fully discussed.

The Riverfront Center is located at 2 Marine Drive in Boardman. Written comments can be submitted to Matthews at the ODA’s CAFO program, 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, OR 97301, or emailed to wmatthews@oda.state.or.us.

A pig breeder is challenging the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s order to build a confinement facility for his hogs, arguing it would hurt their health.

Luther Clevenger and his wife, Julie, raise Gloucestershire Old Spots pigs and other livestock on their 15-acre property near Aumsville, Ore., which has experienced water drainage problems during heavy winter rains.

ODA inspected the operation repeatedly this year after receiving several complaints that Clevenger’s 200 pigs were “creating a huge mess and affecting the property values of all the adjacent property owners” and that water was flowing onto neighbors’ lots.

The agency ultimately concluded that Clevenger’s farm was violating water quality standards and ordered a multi-pronged “plan of correction,” requiring him to construct a “swine confinement facility” to prevent pollutant discharges to the “surface water of Oregon,” according to ODA.

Currently, the pigs are raised on pasture but have access to portable shelters.

The plan also requires Clevenger to store manure and wastewater from the facility so that none is discharged into waterways, apply manure to the soil at agronomic rates and maintain grassed filter strips, among other measures.

Clevenger recently filed a petition in Marion County Circuit Court asking for the “plan of correction” to be overturned, arguing he hasn’t polluted state waters.

Water had collected on a neighbor’s property during winter, but that’s because the previous property owner filled a natural drain to expand his lawn. Clevenger said.

While he’s not opposed to reducing his number of pigs or working with the Marion County Soil & Water Conservation District to improve drainage issues, Clevenger said the confinement facility isn’t feasible for his rare hogs.

“This breed can’t be confined. They don’t work in confinement,” he said.

When Clevenger has confined the pigs in the past, even for relatively short periods of time, they’ve lost weight and some have even died, he said.

“If you have them out on pasture, they do fine,” he said.

People who buy from Clevenger generally raise the hogs organically or without antibiotics, and sell the meat through a “Community Supported Agriculture” model or other specialty markets, and they “prize pastured pigs,” according to his petition.

Clevenger has invested substantial amount of money in acquiring Gloucestershire Old Spots pigs from “all available genetic lines,” which has involved flying them from other locations and importing frozen semen from Ireland, the petition said.

Bruce Pokarney, communications director for ODA, said the agency can’t discuss the litigation but could “talk about all the details once the issue is settled.”

ALBANY, Ore. — SnoTemp Cold Storage opened a new warehouse in July, marking the company’s eighth expansion since it began business in Albany in 1974.

The company, founded in Eugene, Ore., in 1957 and with its headquarters still there, now has a total of 725,000 square feet of food storage space between its two facilities.

SnoTemp freezes and stores bulk vegetables and ingredients for repackers such as NORPAC Foods Inc., the farmers’ cooperative, and for other customers ranging from craft breweries to ice cream and dessert makers. The company has the capability to store food at temperatures ranging from minus-20 degrees to 70 degrees.

The new warehouse includes 8,500 square feet of processing space that gives customers room for value-added work such as repacking, wet packing and fresh fruit handling. In a news release, company CEO Jason Lafferty said that including processing space with the warehouse gives SnoTemp “distinct logistical and economic efficiencies that are critical to sustaining success in today’s market.” The company expanded its Albany plant by 100,000 square feet just six years ago, and has doubled the combined employment at its Albany and Eugene facilities during that time.

The expansion illustrates the economic vitality of Oregon’s food processing sector, which grew even during the depth of the recession. A labor trends report issued by the state Employment Department in 2014 showed that Oregon’s manufacturing sector lost nearly 16 percent of its jobs from 2007 to 2012. But food manufacturing jobs increased nearly 8 percent during that same period.

SnoTemp is a third-generation family business.

On-line: www.SnoTemp.com

Burnt River School’s invitation to Portland students paid off, and the rural Eastern Oregon school will host up to eight urban kids when classes begin next fall, and eight more in the spring,

“It’s happening,” Superintendent Lorrie Andrews said. The district is arranging places for the students to stay while in school.

The school, which had a total of 34 students in 2015-16, offers the Burnt River Integrated Agriculture/Science Research Ranch program, or BRIARR, a dip into the ag and natural resource issues common to the area. The K-12 public charter school is in Unity, Ore., about 50 miles east of John Day.

Students will learn about animal production science, sustainable rangeland science and forest restoration studies, and do water quality monitoring with the Powder Basin Watershed Council.

The invitation to Portland students was intended to help bridge the urban-rural divide, but it could help the district financially, as well. The state provides districts about $7,100 per student, and that funding follows the student during their time in the rural district.

Portland Public Schools sent an email to its high school families last spring, telling them of the opportunity, and Andrews received about two dozen email queries within a couple days.

After clearing interviews and securing placement with host families, eight girls will attend the school fall semester, and eight boys will attend in spring.

WEDNESDAY, JULY 27

WILSONVILLE, Ore. — Clackamas County’s bid to review the status of three land parcels now set aside for agriculture is a concern to farm groups, and the cities that would have to service new development aren’t hot for the idea either.

Charlotte Lehan, a former county commissioner, former Wilsonville mayor and now member of the city council, said it would be “very difficult and very expensive” for the city to provide water and sewer to new development south of the Willamette River.

She said development in the area Clackamas County seeks to review would increase congestion on the Boone Bridge, which carries north-south Interstate 5 traffic across the river. She said a clogged bridge would be “disastrous” for the city.

“I-5 is Wilsonville’s lifeline,” she said. “When the Boone Bridge isn’t working, nothing works. We have to protect the functionality of Interstate 5.”

The arguments back and forth are part of a long-running disconnect over Oregon’s unusual statewide land-use planning system, which was designed to protect farm and forest land from urban sprawl. Under the system, cities are held in check by urban growth boundaries that can be amended in a controlled manner. But development pressure at the edges of cities remains a continuing issue all over the state.

In the Portland area, land-use planning for Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington counties is done by Metro, which has an elected board. Seeking to end ceaseless arguments, the counties and Metro agreed to a system of urban and rural reserves that was intended to set growth patterns for 50 years.

Clackamas County’s Board of Commissioners now wants to know whether three areas south and southeast of the Portland urban center, previously set aside as rural reserves and thus open to farming, would be more beneficial as “employment lands.”

The county commissioners cite a study by a consulting firm, Johnson Economics and Mackenzie, that said the county is short between 329 and 934 acres of industrial land and up to 246 acres of commercial land, an overall shortage of up to 1,180 acres over the next 20 years.

A majority of the commissioners want to review the status of 800 acres south of the city of Wilsonville; 400 acres adjacent to the urban growth boundary of the city of Canby; and 425 acres south of the Clackamas River along Springwater Road, outside Estacada. County officials believe the land should revert to “undesignated” rather than rural reserves.

County officials have dismissed concerns as overwrought. They point out that any land-use change would take years to accomplish and would be subject to legal review or appeal.

Nonetheless, the proposal has reopened a can of worms. Friends of French Prairie, a farming advocacy group, maintains that allowing development to jump across the Willamette River south of Wilsonville would crack open the state’s prime agricultural areas.

In a guest editorial written for the Capital Press, Friends of French Prairie President Ben Williams questioned the validity of the county’s employment lands report and some of the land is owned by people who have contributed heavily to commissioners’ election campaigns.

Board members of the Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District took the unusual step of publicly warning against a land-use change. “The District believes the County’s current initiative to create employment lands may not adequately consider the long-term value of high-value farmland,” the district said in a letter to Clackamas commissioners. “A significant amount of the land proposed for reconsideration as employment land is high-value farmland, an irreplaceable natural resource.”

Lehan, the Wilsonville council member critical of the land-use review, said her fast-growing city has planned for additional industrial growth in its Coffee Creek and Salt Creek areas, and for residential development in an area called Frog Pond. The city doesn’t need more “employment land,” she said.

“I know how development works and what it takes for a city to support it,” Lehan said. “I’m not anti-growth by any means.”

Lehan was Clackamas County board chair until defeated in 2012 by the current board chair, Commissioner John Ludlow, who is often critical of Metro and of Portland’s influence on its suburban neighbors.

Canby City Administrator Rick Robinson made a point similar to Lehan’s: the city has an existing industrial park that isn’t full. The 400 acres Clackamas County wants to revert to undesignated status is outside the city limits and outside the city’s urban growth boundary, he said. Some of it is farmed now, and much of it is Class 1 agricultural soil, he said. Robinson said the Canby City Council hasn’t taken a position on the Clackamas review proposal.

The third area considered by Clackamas County is outside the city of Estacada. The mayor and city manager were unavailable to discuss the issue.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — A federal judge has selected Valentine’s Day as the trial date for eight of the 26 defendants indicted in the armed occupation of a national wildlife refuge in Oregon.

In a written order Tuesday, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown said the date is firm and no delays will be granted without an extraordinary showing of good cause.

Occupation leader Ammon Bundy and eight others are scheduled to go to trial in September.

The defendants granted a delay until February 2017 include Dylan Anderson, Sandra Anderson, Sean Anderson, Duane Ehmer, Jason Patrick, Jon Ritzheimer, Jake Ryan and Darryl Thorn.

The remaining nine defendants have pleaded guilty and are waiting to be sentenced.

The occupation began Jan. 2 after a rally against prison sentences handed to two Oregon ranchers. It lasted nearly six weeks.

TUESDAY, JULY 26

SALEM, Ore. (AP) — Officials are considering a proposal for what would be the state’s second largest dairy in Eastern Oregon.

The Statesman Journal reports the proposed Willow Creek Dairy would house 30,000 animals. Wym Matthews with the state Department of Agriculture says the dairy would be near Threemile Canyon Farms, which is the state’s largest dairy with 70,000 animals.

The department is accepting public comment on Willow Creek’s plans to manage the nearly 200 million gallons of manure it will produce each year.

Greg te Velde has operated the dairy with 8,000 animals for more than a decade on land leased from Threemile Canyon.

Morrow County officials are holding a public hearing Thursday to discuss water concerns with the project, which is located in the Lower Umatilla Basin Groundwater Management Area.

ENTERPRISE, Ore. — A noxious weed never before seen in Oregon has been discovered in the northeastern corner of the state.

It is a carduus crispis, or welted thistle, which is also sometimes called a curley plumeless thistle.

“It’s never been seen in Oregon before. The nearest it’s ever been reported is North Dakota and British Columbia,” Wallowa County Vegetation Department Manager Ryan Oberhelman said. “That’s an A-List, worst of the worst, thistle.”

Rancher Todd Nash first found the weed and reported it to Oberhelman.

Genetic testing at Oregon State University confirmed its identity. Then Mark Porter, Oregon Department of Agriculture invasive weed management coordinator, and Oberhelman began searching for more of the thistle. They sprayed the edges of Mark Vanderzanden’s alfalfa field where it was discovered, arranged with him to destroy any baled hay up to 15 feet into the field, and walked the irrigation ditch south of Enterprise.

“It’s all along Lower Alder Slope Ditch,” Oberhelman said.

All sites have been sprayed, but Porter and Oberhelman reckon the weed has been in Wallowa County for about four years — and that means it may have gone out in bales of hay to other locations.

The weed warriors, with the assistance of Vanderzanden and other farmers, are tracking down any folks who bought hay from the immediate area to make sure no weed seed traveled elsewhere.

Fortunately, Vanderzanden has excellent records and the weed only appeared at the edge of his field, Oberhelman said.

He said they have no idea how it got here. It most likely started in the ditch, as ditches are common vectors for weed seed.

“Who is bringing in ditch equipment from North Dakota?” Oberhelman mused. “We will probably never know for sure how it got here. But we’ll get in touch with every single person on this ditch system and warn them to watch out for it. We’ll be monitoring this weed for a long, long time.”

The weed is not poisonous to livestock, but grazing is not a reliable control. If it is grazed early in the spring, it will have time to re-flower and spread its seed farther.

“We need to get on top of this thistle because we can,” said Oberhelman. “It hasn’t had time to spread widely and get out of control.”

CONDON, Ore. — Firefighters expect to fully contain the Scott Canyon Fire in rural Gilliam County by Monday evening, according to a spokeswoman with the Central Oregon Interagency Dispatch Center.

The blaze, which started Thursday on private land near the John Day River, has burned 33,587 acres between Condon and Arlington. A Type 3 incident management team responded Saturday from the Deschutes and Ochoco national forests, as well as the Bureau of Land Management’s Prineville District, to assist local firefighters.

The fire was human-caused, though investigators are still working to determine exactly how it started. High winds fanned the flames up and down several canyons in the area, making for tricky firefighting conditions. Crews on the ground were supported by six single-engine air tankers and three helicopters, which dumped water and retardant around the fire perimeter over the weekend.

The fire did destroy one old homestead, which was unoccupied. No other structures were damaged. Lisa Clark, fire information officer with the Central Oregon Interagency Dispatch Center, commended the initial response for keeping local farms and ranches safe.

Another fire in central Oregon also erupted Sunday about 13 miles east of Warm Springs. That blaze is now roughly 4,800 acres, but wasn’t immediately threatening homes.

ONTARIO, Ore. — Oregon House Speaker Tina Kotek says she supports efforts to help Malheur County’s economy, including improving the transportation infrastructure to reduce the cost of shipping agricultural products.

The Portland Democrat visited the Eastern Oregon county last month at the invitation of Rep. Cliff Bentz, R-Ontario, and agricultural industry leaders concerned about the impact the state’s new minimum wage law will have on farmers and others here.

A three-tiered plan passed this year will hike the minimum wage in rural areas to $12.50 an hour over six years. Malheur County’s farming industry competes with Idaho, which borders Oregon and has a $7.25 minimum wage.

Oregon’s rural minimum wage increased 25 cents on July 1 to $9.50 an hour. It will reach $12.50 on July 1, 2022, and then increase annually, based on the consumer price index for all urban consumers. It will be pegged $2.25 below the Portland Metro minimum wage.

In an email statement, Kotek told Capital Press she now has “a deeper understanding of the economic challenges of sharing a border with a fast-growing part of Idaho. It’s clear that a variety of factors impact the ag industry in both states, including but by no means limited to, the minimum wage.”

Kotek said she supports ideas floated by Bentz that could help improve Malheur County’s economy.

That includes creating a special economic zone and bringing a freight transportation hub to the area, which she said “would cut the time and cost for growers who are exporting onions and other agricultural products.”

Special tax credits for the area and creating a “Micro Irrigation Center” at the Oregon State University are other ideas the speaker supports, Bentz said.

The backbone of the effort to help the county’s economy is to improve transportation infrastructure and reduce freight costs, Bentz said. “We have to have a lower-cost way of getting (our) products to the market.”

Bentz and local ag leaders were hoping to convince Kotek and other legislators to reduce Malheur County’s minimum wage below the $12.50 rate in the plan passed this year.

That appears unlikely, Bentz said.

Kotek said she is “committed to upholding Oregon’s new minimum wage law ... while also respecting regional economic needs and giving local businesses time to plan.”

News that Malheur County’s minimum wage likely won’t be reduced below $12.50 an hour came as bad news to the ag industry.

“That’s a blow,” said Nyssa farmer Paul Skeen. “They can’t see that we have a problem?”

Owyhee Produce General Manager Shay Myers said he’s glad legislators are working on a larger effort to improve the county’s economy.

But onion packers and the local ag industry will still face fierce pressure from competitors on the Idaho side, who will have much lower labor costs, he said.

He said reducing freight costs would benefit businesses on both sides of the border and the disparity in the two areas’ minimum wages will likely cause some Oregon businesses to move to Idaho, automate or both.

His company has already looked at land acquisition options in Idaho.

“It’s not going to change the competitive environment that we as packers of onions are operating in,” Myers said of the economic improvement efforts. “That doesn’t help me in any way compete with my competitors in the state of Idaho.”

Stripe rust pressure this year is “severe to extremely severe” in Pacific Northwest wheat, but most farmers have been able to control it by growing resistant varieties or by applying fungicides.

USDA Agricultural Research Service plant geneticist Xianming Chen blames the mild winter, which allowed the rust to survive and develop in winter wheat.

“Stripe rust developed very early and very quick,” Chen said.

The fungus can cause more than a 60 percent yield loss in highly susceptible wheat varieties.

Applying fungicide has paid off for growers. Rust is generally under control in most commercial fields, Chen said.

“That is big spending for growers, but this year, it was worth it to do that,” he said.

The fungus is occurring almost everywhere in the Pacific Northwest, even in dryland areas.

He hopes to see more farmers plant resistant varieties in the future. That would eliminate the need to spray fungicide, even in severe rust years.

Most wheat fields are now past the point where a fungicide application would help. Rust typically dies by harvest, Chen said, as it cannot live long in dead leaf tissue.

Chen said later-planted spring wheat in higher elevations may still have active rust due to recent rain.

Some of the major fungicides cannot be used after the flowering stage, while others can be used up to 30 days before harvest. Growers should be sure to read the fungicide labels, Chen said.

Temperatures are not quite optimum for the wheat’s high temperature, adult plant resistance to stripe rust to kick in.

It’s too early to tell the outlook for next season, he said.

“It depends on what the weather conditions are from now to the fall,” Chen said. “If the coming winter is cold, then the rust will die more. If the coming winter is very mild like last winter, this rust will survive more.”

Chen said roughly 36 percent of winter wheat varieties are resistant to stripe rust and 16 percent are moderately resistant. Eight percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible and 24 percent are moderately susceptible. None are highly susceptible.

For spring wheat, roughly 12 percent of the varieties are resistant, 40 percent are moderately resistant, 11 percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, 11 percent are moderately susceptible and 11 percent are susceptible.

MONDAY, JULY 25

BANDON — Choosing the right health insurance plan is an important health decision for every individual. Coast Community Health Center is excited to announce continued funding by the Oregon Health Authority for insurance enrollment assistance for residents in southern Coos…

SOUTH COAST — Bandon, Langlois and Port Orford are known for their cranberry farms, but there's another berry growing in popularity along the South Coast.

SOUTH COAST — The others of his age group see him as the lead — the inspiration for a bunch more like him.

SILVERTON — The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association recognized The World, the Bandon Western World and the Umpqua Post with a total of 30 awards this week, including — for the second year in a row — the association’s highest honor,…

SILVERTON — The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association recognized The World, the Bandon Western World and the Umpqua Post with a total of 31 awards this week, including – for the second year in a row – the association’s highest honor,…