Growers hear OSU scientists discuss wheat from root to crown
MORO, Ore. — The latest developments on soil problems, diseases and varietal options attracted about five dozen wheat growers and others to Oregon State University’s Sherman County field day.
Stephen Machado, a crop physiology and agronomy professor assigned to the Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center in Pendleton, explained ways to increase soil pH and reduce acidity.
While lime application is the usual fix, biochar shows promise, Machado said. Biochar, a charcoal-like substance produced by heating woody biomass such as logging slash, carries a pH of about 10, Machado said. Trials have shown wheat yield increases ranging from 26 to 34 percent, and biochar may need to be applied only once, compared to every couple years with lime, he said.
“It’s still new, but it’s something we are considering,” Machado said. He acknowledged biochar production would have to be increased to establish a dependable supply and bring down the price.
Soil scientist Don Wysocki, also at OSU’s Pendleton station, delivered the news that black leg disease was found in Eastern Oregon canola. An outbreak in the Willamette Valley last year was a concern to specialty seed growers and became part of the unresolved argument about allowing canola in the valley.
After the discovery, Wysocki examined last year’s canola stubble and found it there, too.
“That tells me it was fairly wide spread in 2014,” he said.
He said growers shouldn’t panic.
“You manage it,” Wysocki said. “We have the disease. We just don’t know how severe it’s going to be or what the effect will be.”
Mike Flowers, an OSU wheat breeder, walked growers through the characteristics of multiple new varieties under development.
Richard Smiley, an OSU expert in soil-borne pathogens, held forth on root lesion nematodes and fusarium crown rot. All types of wheat are vulnerable to the pathogens, which interfere with plants’ ability to extract water and nutrients from the soil, he said.
In one Iranian study, the combination of root and crown diseases reduced yield 68 percent, Smiley said.
A common weed in wheat fields, jointed goat grass, is a good host of nematodes, but spraying for the weed may cause the nematodes to migrate to moist wheat roots, Smiley said.
He said barley is much less sensitive, and wheat following barley in rotation does well.
“There’s something magical about barley’s resistance to these root lesion nematodes,” Smiley said.
Smiley, who is retiring, spoke briefly at a lunch following the field presentations. He thanked local growers “for the 30 years of a good ride I’ve had here at the Sherman station.”
The field day coincided with a visit from a Chinese trade team representing several grain and oil companies. Blake Rowe, CEO of the Oregon Wheat Commission, said he’s hoping to convince Chinese companies to buy Oregon wheat instead of Australian and Canadian products.