SPOKANE, Wash. (AP) — Republican Congress members from the Pacific Northwest are upset with a federal judge’s order to spill water from four Snake River dams to help speed migrating salmon to the Pacific Ocean.

They say the water could be saved for other uses and are denouncing the spill, which began April 3, and a push by environmentalists to remove the four dams to increase wild salmon runs.

“Dams and fish can co-exist,” Reps. Cathy McMorris Rodgers and Dan Newhouse, whose Washington districts include the dams, said in a joint statement.

The four dams, built in the 1960s and 1970s, provide hydropower, flood control, navigation, irrigation and recreation benefits, supporters say. But the giant dams are also blamed for killing wild salmon, an iconic species in the Northwest.

McMorris Rodgers and Newhouse have introduced a bill that would prevent any changes in dam operations until 2022. The measure was co-sponsored by Republican House members from Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Nevada, along with Democratic Rep. Kurt Schrader of Oregon.

It passed the House Natural Resources Committee on Wednesday and heads to the floor in coming weeks.

“Without Snake and Columbia river dams and the many benefits they provide, life in central Washington as we know it would be unrecognizable,” Newhouse said.

Hydropower is the Northwest’s lifeblood, said Republican Rep. Raul Labrador of Idaho.

“For a liberal judge to ignore the broad scientific consensus of the federal government and the states of Idaho, Washington and Montana is unconscionable and must be stopped,” he said.

The increased spill will cost some $40 million in lost power sales, and could hurt transportation and barging on the rivers, flood control and irrigation systems, Republicans contend.

But Democrats argue studies of the dams, including whether they should be removed, must go forward.

Democratic Sen. Patty Murray of Washington recently sent a letter to House and Senate leadership saying the river’s management must include salmon recovery.

The letter criticized the bill to prevent changes in dam operations. It was signed by Murray and Democratic Reps. Adam Smith and Pramila Jayapal of Washington.

“The Columbia and Snake River system is essential to the Pacific Northwest’s culture, environment and economy,” the letter said.

The four dams — Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose and Lower Granite — span the Snake River between the Washington cities of Pasco and Pullman. Together they produce about 4 percent of the region’s electricity.

Replacing that power would require the equivalent of two nuclear power plants, Labrador said.

Environmental groups disagree.

A new study contends other renewable sources could replace the dams’ power for a little more than $1 a month for the average Northwest household.

The study “explodes the myth that we can’t have both wild salmon and clean energy,” said Joseph Bogaard, director of the Save Our Wild Salmon Coalition. “We can remove these four deadly dams, restore one of our nation’s great salmon rivers and improve the Northwest’s energy system.”

But supporters of the dams say wind and solar power are too unreliable to replace the lost hydropower.

The Columbia-Snake river system holds more than a dozen imperiled salmon runs, and the federal government has spent more than $15 billion since 1978 on efforts to save the fish.

But those efforts have pushed wild salmon, orca and other fish and wildlife populations closer to extinction, Bogaard said.

Removing the dams is the only way to save the salmon runs, conservation groups say.

“Salmon are in desperate need of help now,” Earthjustice attorney Todd True said.

Advocates for fishermen also hailed the decision to increase spill, saying it will produce larger adult salmon returns.

Proposals to remove the four dams have percolated in the Northwest for decades, and have devolved into a largely partisan issue with Democrats generally on the side of the fish and Republicans for keeping the dams.

The latest skirmish began in March 2017, when U.S. District Judge Michael Simon of Portland, Oregon, ordered the dams to increase spill beginning this spring. Federal agencies have estimated increasing spill until mid-June will cost electric ratepayers $40 million in lost power revenues in 2018 alone.

The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in early February rejected an appeal of Simon’s order.

The dams operate under a plan created by a collaboration of federal agencies, states and tribes during the Obama administration to protect salmon.

But Simon found it does not do enough. He ruled a new environmental study is needed, and it must consider the option of removing the dams. Simon also wrote that wild salmon were in a “precarious” state.

That was disputed by Terry Flores, executive director of Northwest RiverPartners, a group that includes farmers, utilities, ports and businesses.

Flores contended spilling so much water from the dams injects high levels of gas into the water, which can kill fish. The churning water at the dams also can prevent the next generation of returning salmon from accessing fish ladders and keep them from reaching spawning streams, she said.

“It’s a bad plan that will cost families and businesses, do little to help, and may even harm protected salmon, and add tons of carbon to our air,” Flores said of the spill. “We shouldn’t throw good money at a bad plan.”

A second organic potato farm in Oregon’s Klamath Basin has filed for bankruptcy, potentially pointing to tougher conditions in this niche market.

Carleton Farms of Merrill, Ore., is seeking Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, which allows companies to stay operational while restructuring debt.

The outfit grows potatoes and other crops on about 4,000 acres, with about half that acreage under organic production.

Carleton Farms owes between $10 million and $50 million to fewer than 100 creditors, with assets of $1 million to $10 million, according to its bankruptcy petition.

Umpqua Bank of Roseburg, Ore., is the company’s largest unsecured creditor, with more than 70 percent of its $17.5 million loan to the farm unsecured by collateral.

In late 2017, Wong Potatoes of Klamath Falls, which grows organic and conventional potatoes on 5,000 acres, also filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The company has liabilities of $2.9 million and assets of $2.5 million.

Carleton Farms and Wong Potatoes have been involved in litigation against each other since 2016 over the operations of a joint venture and other disputes, according to court documents.

Regardless of these farms’ particular financial troubles, experts say the organic potato industry has grown more competitive in recent years.

“I wonder if we just got too many acres too quickly,” said Brian Charlton, cropping systems specialist at Oregon State University’s Klamath Basin Research and Extension Center.

The Klamath Basin’s high elevation and low winter temperatures help suppress fungus and insect problems in potatoes, which makes the region well-suited to organic production, he said.

“I think we’re one of the best locations in the Northwest to grow organic potatoes,” Charlton said.

Organic potato acreage recently grew to about 2,000 acres in the basin, up from about 800 acres seven years ago, he said. Due to lower pricing and water availability, though, organic potato acreage will likely drop by 30 percent in 2018.

“It can be just as volatile as the conventional,” said Scott Cheyne, assistant manager of the Klamath Irrigation District, who has experience in potato farming.

With more organic potatoes to choose from, buyers can expect farmers to beat each other on price, Cheyne said.

Growers also have to cull many organic potatoes that don’t meet quality standards, he said. “For whatever reason, the organic buyers are more picky.”

Culling a higher proportion of their organic potato crop can quickly cut into profits, Cheyne said.

Organic potatoes yield about 35,000 pounds to the acre, compared to about 55,000 pounds for conventional potatoes, said Ed Staunton, whose family owns Staunton Farms of Tulelake, Calif.

Farmers also don’t have as many products to control sprouting and discoloration in organic potatoes, compared to the conventionally grown crop, said Staunton.

“People want organic produce but they want it to look better or as good as conventional produce,” he said. “But we don’t have the tools to have them look as good.”

Phillip Walker, a Salem tree fruit and nut grower who held leadership positions in the agricultural industry for many years, died of cancer April 6. He was 64.

Walker served on the Oregon Hazelnut Commission from 1991 to 1997 and from 2003 to 2009, including serving as chairman for three years and treasurer for three years. From 1987 to 1991, Walker was a member of the Nut Grower Society Board, serving as president of the society in 1991. He received the Nut Grower of the Year award in 1997.

Walker served as a Polk County Commissioner in 1998 and from 2003 to 2005. He served a stint on the Polk County Budget Committee, on the Polk County Citizens Advisory Committee for Corrections Facilities and on the West Salem Little League Board of Directors.

For nearly 30 years, Walker served on the board of Oregon State University’s Agricultural Research Foundation, from 1991 until his death, including serving as president of the foundation from 2009 until his death.

“Phil was a great leader,” said Ralph Fisher, who is taking over as president of the foundation and who worked with Walker throughout Walker’s tenure as foundation president. “He was one of those guys that when he spoke, you listened, just because of his depth of knowledge on topics and his organizational understanding.

“His passing is a great loss for agriculture and the community of Salem and the state of Oregon,” Fisher said.

“Phil was frank and fair and an inspiration to his peers, and certainly to me,” said Polly Owen, director of the Hazelnut Industry Office, who worked with Walker for more than two decades. “He was a master at ensuring that all points of view were clear before decisions were made regarding the industry.

“I am thankful for all the opportunities I have had through the years to work side-by-side and for Phil,” Owen said. “The hazelnut community has lost an important voice and a very special friend.”

Walker grew up working the family’s orchards west of Salem and returned to the farm after graduating from the University of Oregon in 1975. He took over management of Walkdale Farms from his father, Gordon, in the mid-1980s.

Orchardist Doug Olsen pointed out that Walker also was “very involved in the cherry industry, being one of the valley’s largest growers.”

“Most of all,” Olsen said, “he was a great friend and will greatly be missed.”

Walker’s family’s legacy in Oregon agriculture dates back six generations to when his ancestor Michael Henry Walker traveled the Oregon Trail from Iowa in a covered wagon and started farming near Independence in the mid-1800s.

Walker is survived by his wife of 38 years, Rebecca; his sons Marcus, William and Joseph; his stepmother Nancy Walker; his sisters Rachel Walker, Karen Walker and Susan Glaze; and his grandchildren Payten Walker and Rocco Walker.

A memorial service for Walker will be held at Zenith Vineyard, 5657 Zena Road N.W., Salem, on May 4 at 2 p.m., with a reception to follow.

The family is asking that donations in Phil’s memory be made to the Agricultural Research Foundation at OSU, 1600 S.W. Western Blvd., Suite 320, Corvallis, Ore. 97333, or to the Boys and Girls Club of Salem, 1395 Summer St. N.E., Salem 97301.

The specter of drought is continuing to spread across snow-starved areas of southern and Eastern Oregon.

Gov. Kate Brown on Friday declared a drought emergency for Grant County, where the John Day Basin has experienced just half its normal snowpack for the year. The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service is also calling for “well below normal” stream flows heading into summer, which could have a significant impact on local farms and ranches.

Grant County becomes the second county in Oregon to officially declare drought. The governor already signed a drought declaration for Klamath County on March 13.

“For portions of Oregon, including Grant County, drought forecasts are already predicting a troubling year ahead,” Brown said. “To minimize the impacts drought, severe weather and wildfire conditions could have on the local economy, I’m directing state agencies to work with local and federal partners to provide assistance to the Grant County community.”

County commissioners passed a resolution March 14 declaring drought, and asking the state to follow suit. In a letter to the Oregon Water Resources Department and Office of Emergency Management, the commissioners said seasonal drought within the region could dramatically increase wildfire danger, and result in significant agricultural losses.

In 2015, Grant County was ravaged by the destructive Canyon Creek Complex, which torched more than 110,000 acres and destroyed more than 40 homes south of John Day and Canyon City.

A drought declaration gives the Water Resources Department a few additional tools at its disposal to assist communities and water right holders, such as issuing temporary emergency water use permits, water exchanges, substitutions and in-stream leases.

The U.S. Drought Monitor currently lists most of Grant County in “moderate drought.” According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Climate Prediction Center, Oregon can largely expect above-average temperatures and below-average precipitation for the next three months.

No other counties have applied for drought relief, according to a spokeswoman with the Water Resources Department. All major basins statewide are reporting less-than-average snowpack, with the lowest levels in the Owyhee, Malheur and Klamath basins of southern Oregon.

A judge has ordered a controversial Oregon dairy not to interfere with the liquidation sale of its cattle herd to satisfy the demands of a creditor.

Morrow County Circuit Judge Jon Lieuallen has entered a preliminary injunction requiring Greg Te Velde, owner of Lost Valley Farm in Boardman, to cooperate with the preparation of an auction scheduled for April 27.

The injunction was requested by Rabobank, a major farm lender that filed a lawsuit seeking to foreclose on the dairy’s assets, which serve as collateral for $60 million in defaulted loans.

However, it’s possible the preliminary injunction won’t be the last word on the proposed auction of 10,500 cows and 4,000 replacement heifers, which is to be conducted by the Toppenish Livestock Commission.

Lieuallen said the order doesn’t prohibit the dairy from filing a petition for bankruptcy protection from its creditors.

The dairy’s obligations to cooperate with the auction would be suspended if the company files for bankruptcy protection, unless Rabobank obtains relief from the automatic stay on debt collection, the judge said.

Lost Valley Farm was controversial even before it began operating a year ago, with environmental groups and others arguing the facility will cause air and water pollution.

Citing unauthorized manure discharge and other violations, the Oregon Department of Agriculture fined the dairy more than $10,000 earlier this year and then filed a lawsuit to stop the facility from generating waste — which would effectively shut down its operations.

That lawsuit was settled when the dairy agreed to generate less than 65,000 gallons of waste a day and maintain open capacity in its manure lagoons.

Lost Valley Farm’s troubles convinced the Tillamook County Creamery Association to terminate a milk-buying contract with the facility.

Even so, Tillamook has continued to buy milk from the dairy to avoid the “environmental and animal health risk” of suddenly halting its operations, though the creamery is requiring additional safety testing.

Ranches in Nebraska and Idaho are seeking $376,000 in a lawsuit that accuses an Oregon cattle company of negligence that resulted in deformed calves.

The complaint claims that Riverside Ranch Cattle and affiliated bovine reproduction companies in Prairie City, Ore., sold cows that had consumed toxic lupine plants while pregnant.

Those “recipient cows” had been implanted with embryos from Hoffman Ranch in Nebraska and Colyer Herefords in Idaho, which later bought the pregnant animals from the Oregon company.

The arrangement was part of an “embryo transfer,” which allows cows with elite genetics to more quickly produce multiple offspring.

Under this process, hormone treatments cause a cow’s ovaries to generate several eggs at the same time, which are then fertilized with sperm. The resulting embryos are then “flushed” from its uterus and implanted into other cows that serve as surrogate mothers.

In this case, the plaintiffs allege that recipient cows were exposed to lupine during a critical point of their pregnancy while under the care of Riverside Ranch Cattle in the spring or summer of 2015 and 2016.

Alkaloids in lupine plants caused 23 of the 40 recipient cows bought by Hoffman Ranch to give birth to calves with defects such as crooked legs and malformed spines in 2015, according to the complaint.

The lawsuit alleges that lupine consumption similarly caused “crooked calf syndrome” in 45 of the 64 recipient cows bought by Colyer Herefords in 2016.

The plaintiffs claim that 22 calves died or had to be euthanized due to the syndrome.

Riverside Ranch Cattle was negligent in failing to prevent the recipient cows from eating the lupines, resulting in a breach of contract, the complaint said.

Hoffman Ranch seeks $133,800 and Colyer Herefords seeks $242,600 in damages for the lost value of deformed cows as well as reimbursement of fees for embryo transfer, pasture access and transportation. The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court of Oregon’s Pendleton division.

Capital Press was unable to reach the defendants for comment.

After finishing as national runner-up in the Young Farmers & Ranchers Discussion Meet at the 2018 American Farm Bureau Federation convention in Nashville, Jenny Freeborn arrived Thursday at Ag West Supply in Rickreall, Ore., to claim her prize.

Freeborn, who chairs the Oregon Farm Bureau’s Young Farmers & Ranchers Committee, received a Farmall 50A tractor donated by Case IH for her impressive showing at the event. Matt Mollard, territory sales manager for Case IH, was also on hand Thursday to give Freeborn the key.

“This is literally something I’ve been working on since I was 15 years old,” Freeborn said of competing in the national Discussion Meet. “It really is a dream come true for me. The fact that this actually happened is incredible.”

The Young Farmers & Ranchers Discussion Meet is a competitive event that simulates a committee meeting, with members swapping information and ideas on a predetermined topic. The list of topics for Freeborn included:

• Round 1 — With a growing demand for U.S. farm products abroad, how can agriculture overcome public skepticism of foreign trade to negotiate new trade agreements and open new world markets?

• Round 2 — How can Farm Bureau help members with increasing legal and regulatory obstacles so they can focus on farming and ranching?

• Sweet 16 — How can farmers and ranchers maintain their buying power with the continued trend of input supplier and provider consolidations?

• Final Four — Farmers are a shrinking percentage of the population. How can Farm Bureau help first-generation farmers and ranchers get started in agriculture?

The night before the Final Four, Freeborn said she couldn’t eat or sleep. Her sister, Kathy Hadley, who also made the Sweet 16 in 2016, stayed with her to provide support.

Above all else, Freeborn said she was thrilled to shine a spotlight on the good work being done by the Oregon Young Farmers & Ranchers Committee.

“That was the best part of it for me, knowing that I am bringing attention and notoriety to our state,” she said.

Freeborn, who lives on the family farm in Rickreall, was appointed chairwoman of the committee in December 2017. The group is specifically for Farm Bureau members between the ages of 16 and 35.

Martha Smith of Colorado won the discussion meet. Jared Knock of South Dakota placed third, and fourth place went to Matt Jakubik of Michigan.

A merged, automated and otherwise fine-tuned Baker & Murakami Produce heads into the home stretch of the Northwest onion marketing season bullish on its position in the industry.

Baker Packing Co. and Murakami Produce, both of Ontario, Ore., on July 1 took equal ownership in the new Baker & Murakami Produce Co. LLP. The company grows, packs and ships onions supplied to a full range of customers including foodservice, retail and food-processing segments.

“We have built a lot of momentum this year and we are in a very good position moving forward,” Baker & Murakami Chief Operating Officer Cameron Skeen said.

Combining two longtime Ontario businesses into one included substantial automation that streamlined operations and positioned the post-merger company to more effectively deal with the tight labor market, he said. Automation also led to better quality control.

Innovation in agriculture is positive at county, state and national levels, said Malheur County Economic Development Corp. Director Greg Smith, who is based in Ontario.

“While there may be short-term reductions in employment, it does lead to greater stability and profitability for the industry,” Smith said.

The former Baker Packing location at 153 S.E. First St. houses packing operations and the sales office. The former Murakami Produce facility includes the business office, and field and storage operations.

Following the merger and integration of the two large companies, Baker & Murakami has the same broad customer base but is more efficient and competitive, Skeen said. The company has better technology and more in-depth quality control that helps put a better onion in the hands of customers, he said.

“Our grading capabilities are much more extensive and sophisticated,” Skeen said. The new grading equipment evaluates characteristics of the inside and outside of an onion, and sorts by characteristics including color. The automated system also weighs, sizes and bags onions, and places them on pallets.

Automation and other internal changes helped Baker & Murakami streamline its workforce and in turn help the company deal with a persistent labor shortage.

Skeen did not release pre-merger or current employee totals. He said the merged company runs a single shift as the two independent predecessors each did. Employees added skills as Baker & Murakami moved ahead with new systems and processes.

Automation is the wave of the future, he said, and “we are trying to push ourselves for long-term success.”

It hasn’t been easy.

“This year has been a real learning curve with a lot of moving parts putting two companies together,” Skeen said.

The united company found the right operating structure, and the right equipment, to change and improve upon what the predecessor enterprises did for years, he said.

“It has been challenging in that regard, but at the same time we feel like we are ahead of where we thought we would be,” Skeen said. “I feel like we are definitely ahead of the curve for our area.”

Southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho field nearly 30 onion packing and shipping companies, he said. The Northwest marketing season, during which onions go from growers and packer-shippers to customers, typically ends in May.

Oregon State University Extension is one step closer to a new building for its community programs in Clackamas County.

County commissioners unanimously approved the new OSU Extension Education Center during a work session April 3. The 22,000-square-foot facility will be at the corner of Warner Milne and Beavercreek roads in Oregon City, within the Red Soils Business Park.

Mike Bondi, regional administrator for OSU Extension and director of the North Willamette Research and Extension Center, said the Education Center will provide much-needed space for programs to flourish — including 4-H, home gardening, forestry and family nutrition.

“It’s going to be a great resource for the community,” Bondi said.

But first, OSU Extension needs to secure building permits from Oregon City, a process that could take up to four months and several rounds of public comment. If all goes smoothly, Bondi said they hope to go out for bid for construction by the end of summer.

The project is expected to cost about $10 million. Bondi said the local OSU Extension Service District should have about $7 million set aside when the building is finished, and will raise the rest either through private fundraising or seek a bridge loan from the county.

Once completed, Bondi said the Education Center will give faculty and staff a big leg up in serving the public.

OSU Extension is celebrating 100 years in Clackamas County. The program has eight faculty and 16 support staff, and reaches between 50,000 and 70,000 people per year.

Yet since 1982, extension offices have been housed in a relatively old and cramped county building that has, at various times, also been used for the surveyor’s office and public health department. Bondi said that building was not adequate to meet their needs then, and it is not adequate to meet their needs now.

“Most everything is done away from the office,” he said of their current situation. “We have to go find space and move all our stuff. That’s how we’ve operated for the last 35 years.”

Voters formed the Clackamas County Extension and 4-H Service District in 2008, which collects local taxes to support OSU Extension programs. It was then that Bondi said a new building became a serious possibility.

“We took that seriously and started putting money aside,” he said.

By 2014, OSU Extension began designing what the facility would look like. What they came up with was a two-story building with a 150-seat meeting room, test kitchen, outdoor greenhouse and show gardens and a plant diagnostic testing lab for Master Gardeners.

“We’re pretty excited about what the possibilities for the building will be,” Bondi said.

The Education Center will also be a showcase for the region’s wood products and sustainable forestry practices, Bondi said. With more than 3,000 private forestland owners across the county, he said forestry is a big driver of the local economy.

“It’s going to be jewel in our crown, as well as the community’s crown,” Bondi said.

Oregon wildlife officials counted at least 124 wolves at the end of 2017, an 11 percent increase over the year end total for 2016, according to the latest annual report released Thursday.

The survey, which is conducted by the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife, is not a true population estimate but documents the minimum number of wolves across the state based on verified evidence such as visual sightings, tracks and photographs.

ODFW will present an overview of the findings at the next Fish and Wildlife Commission meeting April 20 in Astoria.

“The wolf population continues to grow and expand its range in Oregon,” said Roblyn Brown, ODFW wolf program coordinator. “This year, we also documented resident wolves in the northern part of Oregon’s Cascade Mountains for the first time.”

Most wolves in Oregon remain clustered around the northeast corner of the state, though several packs and known wolf territory can also be found in Wasco, Klamath and Lake counties. Statewide, Oregon now has 12 wolf packs, 11 of which were successful breeding pairs, meaning that at least two adults and two pups survived to the end of the year.

Wolf reproduction was the highest recorded in 2017 since the species returned to Oregon, with pups being born in 18 groups — a 50 percent increase over 2016. Though they did not meet the definition of a breeding pair, reproduction was confirmed in the Chesnimnus, Harl Butte, Meacham, North Emily and Shamrock packs, as well as the OR-30 and OR-52 pairs.

Gov. Kate Brown said she is encouraged by the continued recovery of Oregon wolves, though ongoing conflicts with poachers and livestock remain troublesome.

“Despite this good news, ongoing issues of poaching and livestock depredation must be carefully considered as we explore more effective management and conservation practices,” Brown said.

Though ODFW removed wolves from the state endangered species list in 2015, it remains illegal to shoot a wolf except in limited circumstances, such as in defense of human life or those caught in the act of chasing livestock. Wolves remain federally protected west of highways 395, 78 and 95.

ODFW reported four cases of wolves killed illegally in 2017. Three cases are still under investigation. The fourth, in Union County, involved a wildlife trapper who shot a wolf he found in one of his traps. David Sanders Jr., 58, pleaded guilty to one count of using unbranded traps, and was sentenced to 24 months bench probation, 100 hours of community service and a $7,500 fine.

The Union County District Attorney’s Office agreed to dismiss one count of illegally shooting a special status game mammal, though Sanders did have his hunting and trapping license suspended for 36 months and agreed to pay an additional $1,000 penalty to ODFW.

In all, 13 wolf deaths were recorded in 2017 — 12 of which were caused by humans. ODFW issued lethal take permits that resulted in four wolves being shot from the Harl Butte pack in Wallowa County, and one from the Meacham pack in Umatilla County, to try and curb livestock depredations. Lethal take is allowed under Phase III of the Wolf Management and Conservation Plan in Eastern Oregon.

Meanwhile, OR-48 from the Shamrock pack was unintentionally killed by an M-44 cyanide trap that had been set by USDA Wildlife Services on private land; a pup from the Ruckel Ridge pack was killed by a livestock protection dog; and OR-30 was shot by an elk hunter in Union County who claimed he was acting in self-defense. The hunter, 38-year-old Brian Scott, was not charged with a crime.

Sean Stevens, executive director of the Portland-based environmental group Oregon Wild, was sharply critical of poachers and ODFW killing wolves. Most recently, the agency approved killing two more animals from the Pine Creek pack in Baker County for preying on cattle.

“The wolf population is stagnant because poachers and ODFW agents are killing more wolves — this despite the fact that ODFW admits livestock depredations are down from last year,” Stevens said. “It demands accountability from an agency that insists on killing more wolves every year.”

The annual wolf report shows confirmed livestock depredations decreased from 24 in 2016 to 17 in 2017. Those cases involved 11 calves, one llama, one alpaca and 23 domestic fowl.

Quinn Read, Northwest director for the group Defenders of Wildlife, said the evidence shows Oregonians can co-exist with wolves.

“ODFW should be looking at how to support these successes, rather than encouraging reckless lethal removal protocols,” Read said.

Ranchers, however, say they will need more support from the state to ensure they can protect their businesses and their livelihood.

George Rollins, a Baker County rancher and co-chairman of the wolf committee for the Oregon Cattlemen’s Association, said the latest depredations by the Pine Creek pack resulted in three dead calves, four wounded and another three missing.

“The people taking the economic loss and the emotional stresses are the producers,” Rollins said. “It gets very tiresome. They feel like they’re not being supported. Nobody’s listening to them.”

As the population of wolves increases and continues to move west, Rollins predicts there will be more wolf-livestock conflicts in the future. He said ODFW needs to give more control to local authorities to handle so-called “chronic depredators.”

OCA is also seeking to tie state funding for compensating ranchers directly to the rising wolf population, Rollins said, to make sure they can afford non-lethal tools such as hiring range riders to haze wolves.

One such bill was proposed during the 2017 short legislative session by Rep. Greg Barreto (R-Cove), but died in committee.

“If we want to manage the wolf, we need to make sure we can fund it properly,” Rollins said.

ODFW is still working to pass an overdue five-year update of its wolf management and conservation plan. The Fish and Wildlife Commission decided in January to do more stakeholder outreach and try to reach a greater consensus. No date for adoption has been scheduled.

ROSEBURG, Ore. — Unique landowner-funded predator damage control districts in Douglas and Coos counties in southwestern Oregon raised $97,000 in their first year.

The money was used to help fund Wildlife Services during the fiscal year of July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. Wildlife Services provides specialists who deal with predator animals that impact livestock, damage timber or are public safety problems.

Some 286 landowners with a total of 110,253 acres invested $34,000 in the Douglas County Predator Control District. The majority of the landowners are ranchers who want protection for their livestock from coyotes and cougars.

There were 109 landowners with 196,870 acres who participated in the Coos County Predator Damage Control District, contributing $63,000. The majority of these acres are timberlands with large companies such as Weyerhaeuser wanting protection against elk pulling up seedlings and bears peeling bark and girdling trees.

Both counties are now accepting renewals and new members for their respective districts for the next fiscal year beginning July 1. The deadline to sign up for the Coos district is May 1. The signup deadline for the Douglas district is May 15.

The fees will be the same as the current fiscal year: A set rate of 32 cents an acre for Coos County and an adjustable rate that averages 41 cents for Douglas County.

“Agency funding has diminished to manage problem animals that are under the management of (Oregon Department of) Fish and Wildlife,” said Jim Carr, chairman of the advisory board for the Coos district. “This is landowners paying the toll to take care of a state problem. It’s participation by landowners to help protect their property.”

The predator control district idea was formulated by cattle and sheep ranchers Ron Hjort and Dan Dawson of Douglas County. The two got the support of their county’s commissioners and then took their idea to the Oregon State legislature. Legislation was then written, giving each of Oregon’s counties the opportunity to create a predator control district. Douglas and Coos counties were the first to do so.

Hjort and Dawson explained the district was needed because Douglas County’s funding of Wildlife Services was decreasing due to reduced federal timber harvest and receipts.

“Funding by the county is up in the air year to year,” Hjort said.

“The county told us if we didn’t come up with some kind of solution, we wouldn’t have a program,” Dawson said. “We had to come up with our portion, to have a program, so we could leverage our money with matching funds.”

Douglas County has three wildlife specialists (trappers) at a budget of $230,000. Coos County has two specialists and a budget of $180,000.

In addition to the respective district and county funding, the two counties receive approximately $13,000 per trapper from the USDA Wildlife Services, $6,760 per trapper from the Oregon Department of Agriculture, $6,340 per trapper from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and $1,354 per trapper from furbearer fees.

While Douglas County is continuing to contribute more than just its fee for its owned timberlands, about $120,000, Coos County has been decreasing its funding more rapidly and will soon only be participating in the district as the landowner of 15,000 acres of timberland for a fee of about $5,000 annually.

Carr said two trappers can “barely keep up with the issues in Coos County.” He anticipates the Wildlife Services program in the county having to be cut back to just one trapper and a part-timer in the near future due to decreases in funding.

Carr expects membership in the district will increase when people discover it will be more difficult to get help when they call in a problem.

In Douglas County, Hjort said the district is not financing the whole Wildlife Services program, “but it’s a good start.” He said the addition of more landowners and more acreage in the district could decrease the per-acre rate. He said there is enough funding to support three trappers in the county for the next fiscal year.

Hjort explained the trappers protect between $80 million and $90 million worth of livestock in Douglas County. He added there is additional value in the timber that is protected.

Dawson said the value of confirmed livestock kills by predators in the last six months is $70,000.

“Imagine what it would look like without a Wildlife Services program,” he said. “I don’t know how you would stay in business. It would be rough. It would turn us into confinement operations. That doesn’t fit our natural grass operations in this county.

“And emotionally, it is hard to take all those kills,” he added.

Carr said predator control needs to be taken more seriously by the Oregon legislature. Dawson and Hjort said the eventual arrival of wolves in Western Oregon will add to the need for predator control. They said rural landowners are the first line of defense against predators before the animals close in on more populated areas.

“Legislators from populated areas don’t see and understand the problem,” Carr said. “This needs to be address at the state level, but those folks continue to reduce the funding to control the problem animals that Fish and Wildlife are charged with managing.”

For more information on the Douglas district, contact Hjort at 541-459-0778. For the Coos district, contact Carr at 541-982-5188.

For the second time, environmental groups are challenging a decision in Columbia County, Ore., to rezone 837 acres of high-value farmland for industrial use at Port Westward near Clatskanie.

The proposal would nearly double the size of the industrial park, owned by the Port of St. Helens along the lower Columbia River. Port Westward is already home to three Portland General Electric natural gas power plants and the Columbia Pacific Bio-Refinery.

Columbia County commissioners voted 2-1 to approve the port’s rezone application in 2017, allowing businesses to process, store and ship natural gas, wood products and other bulk commodities at the property.

Opponents, however, argue the industrial zone will not only disrupt neighboring farms, but flies in the face of state land use laws intended to protect high-value farms. Columbia Riverkeeper, along with 1000 Friends of Oregon, filed an appeal March 14 to the Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals, or LUBA, seeking to overturn the county’s ruling.

At the heart of the issue is whether such industrial development is compatible with local agriculture. Jasmine Zimmer-Stucky, senior organizer with Columbia Riverkeeper, says the answer is no.

“Industrial development is not a compatible use for farmers, especially farms that are growing sensitive crops,” Zimmer-Stucky said.

Most soils in the rezoned area are Class II and III, which according to the Oregon Department of Agriculture are considered high-value farmland under state law. Irrigation canals and ditches are also interconnected along the low-lying diked lands, Zimmer-Stucky said, meaning that an industrial spill or runoff could spread quickly to nearby mint, blueberry, cattle and poplar tree farms.

Jim Hoffman, owner of Hopville Farms, said water quality is a top priority for his blueberry farm, and the community at large. He said he remains disappointed with the county’s decision to open farmland to “industrial polluters.”

Tracy Prescott-MacGregor, who with her husband, Scott, farms on Erickson Dike Road near Port Westward, said she is also concerned about a potential spill and toxic byproducts of industrial business — especially fossil fuels development.

“My biggest concern is that almost all industry, especially fossil fuel industry, creates byproducts,” Prescott-MacGregor said. “There’s also a potential for spillage of any of these caustic materials. It wouldn’t take very long before the soils would be contaminated.”

If that happens, Prescott-MacGregor said she and her husband would likely have to leave the area. They came in 1999 from Portland to grow their own food, including a large garden, goats, chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys.

“The soils out here are pretty fantastic,” she said. “We are lucky farmers.”

The Port of St. Helens bought the land in 2010, and Paula Miranda, the port’s property and development manager, said they have been approached by a number of companies in recent years interested in the deep water access on the Columbia River.

County commissioners first approved the rezone in 2014, though it was appealed to LUBA and ultimately remanded back to the county. While the port’s latest application does not mention any specific project, Miranda said they will continue to work with farmers to mitigate impacts on their land. She added there are no plans to develop crude oil facilities on the property.

“I personally feel pretty confident that whatever we bring here, we’ll do it the proper way,” Miranda said.

Margaret Magruder, a county commissioner, said expanding Port Westward would provide a real boost to the local economy, and any industrial business looking to site there would be subject to further conditions to protect their neighbors.

“Just because it gets rezoned doesn’t mean that any business that comes along is going to get to site,” Magruder said.

But Scott Hilgenberg, a land use fellow at the nonprofit Crag Law Center in Portland, said the proposal does not justify rezoning agricultural land under Oregon statewide planning goals.

In particular, Statewide Planning Goal 3 aims to preserve and maintain high-value farmland. Hilgenberg, who is representing Columbia Riverkeeper, said the port’s application does not reasonably describe why it needs a Goal 3 exception.

“The concern is the more industrial development that occurs here, the more risk the agricultural community is going to face,” Hilgenberg said. “It’s a question about what the future vision of Columbia County is going to be, and what products does it want to focus on.”

LUBA has not yet scheduled a hearing in the case.

SALEM, Ore. (AP) — Police say three bald eagles have been found shot to death near Albany, Oregon.

The Statesman Journal reports that the birds were discovered March 16 by an Oregon State Police Fish and Wildlife Division trooper. Gunshot wounds were found on each bird.

An examination and X-ray by a veterinarian revealed evidence of dense metal in each of the eagles.

Bald eagles are federally protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act.

Oregon State Police officials said the eagles were most likely killed shortly before the day they were found. No suspects have been identified.

BAKER CITY, Ore. (AP) — Oregon wildlife officials will allow a cattle rancher in remote northeastern Oregon to kill any two wolves — including a pregnant one — from a new pack that’s been attacking calves.

The wolves in the new pack, dubbed the Pine Creek Pack, killed three calves and injured four more over a two-day period, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said Tuesday. The pack roams along the Idaho state line and has eight members, including a breeding male and female and five yearlings.

The female is believed to be pregnant and could give birth in as little as a week, the agency said.

Wolf advocates blasted the decision and called it cruel to single out the pack when the breeding female was pregnant.

“We should not be killing wolves, especially a pregnant female, in the midst of a poaching epidemic, and using a wolf management plan that expired three years ago,” said Oregon Wild executive director Sean Stevens.

The Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission in December decided late last year to delay a vote on a long-awaited update to the state’s wolf management plan that had been scheduled for January.

There are believed to be about 112 wolves in Oregon, mostly in remote and mountainous areas in the northeastern corner of the state.

In this instance, a rancher in Baker County requested the right to kill the entire Pine Creek pack, but ODFW set the limit at two animals.

The rancher has until May 4 to kill up to two wolves and Oregon wildlife officials can also kill them if they encounter them.

Ranchers must prove they have tried non-lethal methods to scare the wolves away from their herds and must document livestock killings by wolves to get approval to kill them.

They must also not have any bone piles or carcasses in the range that would attract wolves.

ODFW said the rancher had used pens, range riders and had fired weapons in the air to scare off wolves.

Data taken from the wolves’ collars show the animals “have a pattern of routinely using this property at this time of year and many producers are getting ready to place cows on the neighboring pastures soon.”

Wolves returned to Oregon about two decades ago after being wiped out by bounty hunters in the state 70 years ago.

BAKER CITY, Ore. (AP) — Oregon wildlife officials will allow a cattle rancher to kill two wolves from a new pack in Baker County along the Idaho border.

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said Tuesday the wolves had killed three calves and hurt four more over a two-day period.

The rancher had requested the right to kill the entire pack, but ODFW set the limit at two animals.

The rancher has until May 4 to kill up to two wolves and Oregon wildlife officials can also kill them.

The wolves were designated as a new pack after a winter count showed it has eight wolves.

Wolf advocates criticized ODFW’s decision and said it was inhumane to allow the killing when the breeding female in the pack is pregnant.

A federal judge has ruled the U.S. Bureau of Land Management violated environmental law by rounding up wild horses in Eastern Oregon after a 2016 fire.

Friends of Animals, a nonprofit group that filed a lawsuit against BLM, has sought to overturn the agency’s approval of the roundup, which could lead to some horses being returned to the Three Fingers Management Area in Malheur County.

The BLM initially conducted an environmental assessment on gathering and removing wild horses from the 62,500-acre area in 2011, but then decided on a smaller-scale roundup in 2016.

Shortly before the operation was set to begin in August 2016, however, the Cherry Road wildfire ignited in the area, burning about 15,000 acres of pasture — roughly half the range used by wild horses in the management area.

While the planned roundup was canceled due to the fire, BLM soon decided to conduct an “emergency gather” due to the lost forage and limited water sources for the animals.

Under the emergency gather, the BLM approved removing 150 horses — up from about 50 before the fire occurred — leaving about 80 to 120 in the area.

Friends of Animals alleged the emergency action “went far beyond what was necessary to control the immediate impacts” of the fire without a proper review under the National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA.

Instead of permanently removing the horses, BLM could have examined “relocation, temporary removal, fencing and providing supplemental water” to mitigate the fire’s immediate effects, the group argued.

U.S. District Judge Michael Simon has found that BLM’s emergency gather went further than necessary to counter the fire’s immediate impacts, requiring additional analysis under NEPA.

“Its stated rationale for conducting the gather was not just to control the immediate effects of the fire, but to ensure survival of the horses over the next two seasons, and aid in the habitat’s recovery,” he said.

The BLM claimed the emergency action met that requirement because it was based on reviews conducted for the previous roundup decisions and other plans for the region.

However, the judge disagreed that BLM took the necessary “hard look” at the emergency gather’s environmental consequences, since the agency didn’t analyze the effects of the fire itself or why it was necessary to remove more horses.

“The Emergency Gather Decision does not discuss whether there are any new circumstances, information, or effects not previously analyzed since the earlier NEPA documents,” he said.

While the approval was “arbitrary and capricious” contrary to the law, the judge said he will separately deliberate on the appropriate remedy for this violation.

Luncinda Bach, attorney for the government in this case, said she couldn’t comment on the ruling. Capital Press was unable to reach an attorney from Friends of Animals for comment.

HALFWAY, Ore. — Baker County ranchers submitted a request April 9 asking the state to kill wolves preying on cattle in the low hills surrounding Halfway.

The request asks that collared wolf OR-50, involved in repeated kills in Wallowa County last year, and seven additional wolves traveling with him, be killed to quell chronic cattle loss to wolves in northeastern Baker County.

According to George Rollins, Oregon Cattlemen’s Association wolf committee co-chaiman, rancher Chad Delcurto turned out 130 cow and calf pairs into a private pasture on Wednesday, April 4. The cattle were held overnight in a corral so the mothers and calves could find each other in a safe enclosure.

On Thursday, the cow/calf pairs were driven up from the corrals to higher ground. Rollins said the cattle were held to make sure they paired up again. There were no wolf sightings that afternoon, yet the next day, an employee of Pine Valley Ranch was scouting for a hunting trip and saw wolves chasing and attacking Delcurto’s cattle.

“He (ranch employee) ran to them, video taped them and then contacted everyone he could get in touch with Chad,” Rollins said.

Delcurto assembled a crew on horseback to check the cattle. The horseback riders rode into the middle of wolves among the cattle and attempted to chase the predators away.

While checking the herd the horseback crew found two dead calves approximately one mile apart from each other. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife staff in Baker County as well as Baker County Sheriff Travis Ash and Deputy Rob Adams performed an investigation.

“A picture was taken of a cow standing over her dead calf with wolves 20 feet away,” Rollins said.

Rollins said another crew was assembled on April 7to gather the entire herd and determine if there were any further losses. During the gathering the horseback riders discovered wolves attacking another calf.

“Riders harassed the wolves (five wolves were visible at the site) and drove them over the ridge west of where the attack took place,” Rollins said.

The calf had significant bites with visible open wounds on both rear legs. Rollins said it was unable to travel and was left behind with his mother who was also showing lameness. At the corrals, 130 cows were counted and 124 calves, including the pair left on the hillside. Four of those calves showed visible wounds on their rear legs and hindquarters.

The calf left on the hillside was later euthanized and the carcass investigated. Again, wolves were seen in close proximity during the investigation.

“So at this point Chad had three calves confirmed killed, four confirmed injured and three missing in 48 hours,” Rollins said. “If you total that up, sold as 550 pound calves, that’s a $10,000 loss.”

According to Michelle Dennehy, of Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, OR-50 moved into the Pine Creek Wildlife Unit in Baker County last fall and joined up with a female wolf, OR-36.

Rollins said there have been regular sightings of wolves within 400 yards of the Pine Valley Ranch shop outside of Halfway where he recently retired as manager. Fish and Wildlife biologists have repeatedly hazed wolves away from the ranch headquarters.

“The ODFW guys have done a remarkable job hazing — they were concerned there would be depredations in the spring time,” Rollins said. “They ran wolves probably 20 miles with helicopters back into the forest to the Imnaha River again and that lasted about 36 hours.”

In the next few days Rollins said eight more producers are getting set to turn out cattle in the low hills where Delcurto’s cattle are grazing. Convinced the wolves will continue attacking livestock, Rollins said he anticipates a decision from the state on the kill request this week.

Heavy precipitation across much of Idaho’s midsection during March bodes well for water users such as Galen Lee, who farms between Caldwell, Idaho, and Ontario, Ore.

“We haven’t had to make a change for the current year or in recent years,” said Lee, who operates Sunnyside Farm LLC near New Plymouth, Idaho.

Strong recent precipitation coupled with ample carry-over storage in reservoirs in the wake of the high-water 2017 help ensure many Idaho farmers can move forward as planned.

March precipitation totaled about 165 percent of the 30-year average across a swath of central Idaho encompassing the Boise River system to the west and the Big Wood, Little Wood, Big Lost and Little Lost rivers to the east, said Ron Abramovich, a water supply specialist with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in Boise.

These basins are now up to about 75 percent of their average snowpack compared to 45 to 70 percent a month earlier.

Snowpack totaled 50 to 80 percent of the 30-year average for March across southern Idaho including the Owyhee drainage to the west, the Bear River Basin to the east, and the Bruneau, Salmon Falls and Oakley basins from west to east in the middle.

Owyhee was on the low end of the range, and the Bear River Basin was on the high end. Abramovich said streamflow forecasts across this area call for 40 to 70 percent of normal runoff.

“Water supplies will be adequate this year across Idaho due to carryover storage and the snowpack we currently have in the mountains,” Abramovich said.

Lee said the Black Canyon Reservoir, in the Emmett-Horseshoe Bend area, is well-supplied. That benefits Sunnyside and other farms served by associated canal companies.

“If there were a predicted shortage, we would make a change. We would have to,” said Lee, board member and past president of the American Sugarbeet Growers Association. For example, he would consider planting more wheat and less corn, which uses more water.

He said crops suited to year-to-year changes include wheat, corn and even sugar beets, subject to growers’ minimum targets. Crops that stay in the field long-term — and offer less flexibility — include mint, alfalfa and asparagus.

Sunnyside Farm grows about 500 acres of corn and 229 acres of beets. Other acreage totals include peppermint at 200, alfalfa hay at 180 and asparagus at 35. Sunnyside also operates a 280-head dairy and small feedlot.

Going forward, “we are in pretty good shape,” Lee said. “We have had some water this year.”

The Idaho Water Supply Outlook Report for April 1 is expected to be available by April 6 at https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/id/snow/.

WASHINGTON (AP) — Forget about bike-share stations in Chicago or pedestrian walkways in Oakland. That’s so Obama-era.

In the Trump administration, a popular $500 million transportation grant program is focused more on projects in rural areas that turned out for Donald Trump in the 2016 election. That means more road and rail projects in GOP strongholds such as Idaho, North Dakota, and Oklahoma, and fewer “greenways,” “complete streets” and bike lanes.

The latest round of these grants has nothing for New York City, Los Angeles or Chicago. Money in those Democratic heavy states went instead to projects in Trump-friendly regions: repainting a bridge in New York’s North Country, contributing to a highway project in Modesto, California, and upgrading an interstate highway in southern Illinois.

It’s a refocusing from the priorities of the previous administration, which gave most of these TIGER (Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery) grants to urban areas represented by President Barack Obama’s Democratic allies on Capitol Hill.

“More than 64 percent of this round of TIGER funding was awarded to rural projects, a historic number that demonstrates this Administration’s commitment to supporting the country’s rural communities,” the Transportation Department said in a release announcing the grants last month.

“I was very pleased,” said Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, when asked about the focus on rural areas. Maine won $10.8 million to help repair three rural bridges on routes critical to the state’s timber industry.

The program was established under Obama’s 2009 economic recovery bill. The grants, distributed at the discretion of the administration, are just a small fraction of the overall federal transportation dollars when compared with more than $50 billion distributed annually to states by formula from the highway trust fund.

Trump has twice targeted the grant program for elimination, only to sign a huge spending bill into law last month that tripled its budget to $1.5 billion.

Questions arose during the Obama administration about political favoritism when grants consistently went in greater numbers to congressional districts represented by Democrats. For example, in 2013, about two-thirds of TIGER money was awarded to such districts.

One of those grants went to help Florida International University construct a pedestrian bridge over a busy road. The structure collapsed last month, killing six people.

Grants are awarded according to a competitive process that analyzes criteria such as economic benefits, safety, state of disrepair, and the environmental benefits of projects. The Government Accountability Office looked into the program a few years ago at the request of then-Sen. David Vitter, R-La., and found that projects with lower grades often won out over top-rated projects.

Of the 41 grants announced by the Trump administration, 25 totaling $271 million were awarded to projects in congressional districts represented by Republicans. Districts represented by Democrats garnered 14 projects and $190 million. Two grants worth $25 million went to projects spanning district lines.

That’s a reversal from the Obama administration, which in its last year in office provided just $102 million in grants to rural areas. That was just above the 20 percent minimum required by the law that established the program.

The Obama administration funded numerous urban projects centered on pedestrian walkways and bike trails. More than one-third of Obama’s final round of grants featured bike-friendly projects. A 2016 grant, for instance, helped pay for a “multi-modal greenway” in Lexington, Kentucky, to integrate a network of bike and pedestrian trails.

The Trump grants contain just a handful of such projects, including a pedestrian and bike trail along the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia and preservation of a historic railroad pedestrian bridge in Mill City, Oregon.

The Trump administration is focused more on economic development projects such as port upgrades in Alabama, Baltimore and New Orleans. Some $25 million would help Arizona ease congestion from a busy U.S.-Mexico port of entry in Nogales.

Other projects include reopening an inactive freight rail line in Idaho, easing traffic in Big Sky, a tourist destination in Montana, and contributing to a highway bypass around Lincoln, Nebraska.

A port project in Alabama would build a “roll on/roll off” facility that would serve several automobile manufacturing plants. Fort Smith, Arkansas, would benefit from repair projects for three deteriorating freight rail bridges. An additional $10 million would replace rail lines servicing farmers and energy producers in southern Illinois.

While Oregon’s mountain snowpack is in much better shape than it was just two months ago, it is likely too little, too late.

April is usually the time when snow peaks around the state, though the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service reports all basins are still behind on snowpack, with most measuring between 40 and 70 percent of normal levels.

The news does not bode well for stream flows or drought conditions heading into summer, said Scott Oviatt, NRCS snow survey supervisor.

“Snow and cooler weather in March was not enough to bring snowpack levels up to normal,” Oviatt said. “Mountain snowpack peaked well below normal this winter at most locations in Oregon.”

Areas closest to the Columbia River seemed to fare best over the winter, with the Hood River, Sandy and Lower Deschutes basins at 94 percent of normal. The Umatilla, Walla Walla and Willow basins also reached 93 percent of normal.

Southern Oregon, and especially southeast Oregon, are in much rougher shape. The Malheur and Owyhee basins both received less than half their usual snowpack, and the Klamath Basin just barely at 50 percent. Gov. Kate Brown has already declared a drought in Klamath County.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is not forecasting much in terms of relief. The next three months will more than likely see average to above-average temperatures across the state, along with below-average precipitation.

“Our best hope is a cool spring that helps to prolong the snow we have further into the season,” Oviatt said.

The NRCS released its April stream flow forecast on Friday. Not surprisingly, it predicts that rivers closest to the Columbia River are expected to have average to near average flows. Others may be “well below normal,” depending on their location.

“Water users that are not able to take advantage of reservoir storage will likely experience significantly reduced water supplies this summer, especially in the southern and southeastern basins of Oregon,” the report states. “The governor declared a drought emergency in Klamath County in March and more counties may follow.”

Summer stream flows could be as low as 30-60 percent of average in the Klamath, Harney, Crooked, Owyhee, Malheur, Lake and Goose Lake basins. The silver lining for Eastern Oregon irrigators is the status of reservoirs, which are storing close to normal amounts of water. Once again, the Umatilla, Walla Walla and Willow basins are at the top of the heap with reservoirs at a collective 123 percent of normal.

The lowest reservoir levels can be found in the Rogue and Umpqua basins of western Oregon, at 88 percent of average.