Oregon State University plant pathologist Chris Mundt reported at Hyslop Farm Field Day May 27 that sharp eyespot is back infecting Willamette Valley wheat, and doesn’t appear to be leaving any time soon.

“We were hoping it would go away,” Mundt said, “but that’s not the case.”

Sharp eyespot appeared in the valley at unheard of levels last year, causing yield losses as high as 50 percent in one field and between 10 and 20 percent in others, according to Mundt.

The disease was indiscriminate last year, appearing in wheat fields up and down the valley and on nearly all the common varieties, he said.

This year appears no different. Sharp eyespot is just as prominent, he said, and has been spotted in Central Oregon wheat stands as well, dousing hopes that last year’s outbreak was an anomaly that wouldn’t be repeated.

Mundt said he is finding it in every clump of wheat he pulls up in the valley.

Plants infected with the disease will exhibit black areas on stems, Mundt said, and at high infestation levels will lodge.

Mundt is speculating that a new strain, or population, of the sharp eyespot fungus, Rhizoctonia cerealis, is responsible for the infestation. He said literature shows it also is appearing in China.

The disease has appeared sparingly in the valley over the years, Mundt said, but never at high levels.

Among research being conducted on the disease, researchers are studying whether certain fungicides, such as the strobilurins, are effective at controlling it. “We’ll know at the end of this year,” Mundt said.

Researchers also are planning to put out trials this fall to study whether delaying planting can lower plant susceptibility.

Mundt also reported that barley yellow dwarf virus is appearing at unusually high levels in Willamette Valley wheat this year.

“This is the worst barley yellow dwarf I’ve ever seen in the valley,” he said.

He speculated that last fall’s high temperatures facilitated aphid survival, contributing to the spread of the disease. Aphids transmit barley yellow dwarf virus between plants.

Mundt said certain varieties, such as Bobtail, are showing better resistance to barley yellow dwarf than others. And, he said, if growers can hold off planting wheat until the end of October, it can help slow the spread of the disease.

“If you have any way to back off seeding to mid- to late October, it would be good not only for your individual farm, but for the valley as a whole,” he said.

In general, Mundt said, planting late lowers plant exposure to diseases.

Keep with tradition

Keep with tradition

PORTLAND — The unexpected collaboration of industry, environmentalists and government agencies that saved mill jobs in Oregon’s Grant County could be a model for restoration forest policy elsewhere, panelists said at a May 27 timber symposium.

Working with the U.S. Forest Service, the Blue Mountains Forest Partners forged a 10-year agreement to restore 272,000 acres of the Malheur National Forest through thinning projects and other work. The work, funded by a $2.5 million allocation from USDA, provides logging and mill jobs, reduces fire danger and improves the ecosystem, panelists at the Forests and the Economy Symposium said.

“We had the idea we were the smartest guys in the room,” said Bruce Daucsavage, president of Ochoco Lumber Co. “When we hit the wall a couple years ago, we needed help.”

The company in 2012 announced it would close its John Day sawmill because it could not get a sufficient supply of logs from the national forest. The mill was Grant County’s biggest private employer, providing 70 to 80 jobs in a county of 1,700 people, and the prospect of closure was grim news.

But the potential job losses, combined with issues of forest health and the prospect of catastrophic fire in overgrown woods, provided common ground for finding a solution, panelists agreed.

The agreement, essentially science-based, long-term landscape management contracts, required Ochoco Lumber to make some changes, Daucsavage said.

“I have to take that science and figure out how to make a profit with it,” he said. “We go out in the woods and figure out what will work.”

Processing and marketing small logs removed during thinning work is “always a challenge,” Daucsavage said. The company invested $12 million in new facilities. It installed a whole log shaver, which produces shavings for use as animal bedding, and added the capacity to make wood chips or compressed wood bricks for heating.

In joining partners such as Sustainable Northwest and the Western Environmental Law Center, the company “opened ourselves up,” Daucsavage said. “We will never get everything we want, but what we’ve got going right now is wonderful.”

“They gave up management as usual and embraced a (forest) restoration approach,” said Susan Jane Brown, staff attorney with the law center.

The approach was different for the law center, as well. “I’m a litigator. My day job is suing the Forest Service and BLM (Bureau of Land Management) over forest practices,” Brown quipped. The task of “bringing science to the table” involved experts and community stakeholders going out on the ground where forest policy issues are coming up, she said.

Daucsavage, Brown and Patrick Shannon, forest program director with Sustainable Northwest, said collaboration may work in Eastern Oregon because so many involved in forest policy issues, from all sides, have hit bottom and are looking for solutions.

“Industry wasn’t seeing logs come off (the national forests) and my side wasn’t seeing old growth protection,” Brown said.

Other issues covered during the symposium included panel discussions of the “missing middle” in forest policy and the cost of wildfire suppression.

The event was hosted by InvestigateWest, a nonprofit investigative newsroom, and the University of Oregon’s School of Journalism and Communications.

A federal judge has rejected a request by two Oregon alfalfa farms to block Jackson County’s ban on genetically engineered crops from going into effect.

U.S. Magistrate Judge Mark Clarke has found the GMO ban is not pre-empted by the state’s “right to farm” law, thereby allowing the ordinance to become effective on June 5.

The “right to farm” statue prohibits ordinances and lawsuits that treat a common farming practice as a trespass or nuisance, but it does not protect activities that harm commercial agriculture, the judge said.

Oregon’s legislature passed the law to shield farmers from urban encroachment and complaints about smells, noises and other irritations, he said.

“While farming practices may not be limited by a suburbanite’s sensitivities, they may be limited if they cause damage to another farm’s crops,” Clarke said.

Growers are able to file lawsuits over such grievances under the “right to farm” statute, and Jackson County’s ordinance simply “serves to prevent such damage before it happens” — even if it hasn’t yet occurred, he said.

Clarke also found that lawmakers intended to permit the GMO ban when they excluded Jackson County from a 2013 bill that pre-empted other local governments from regulating biotech crops.

He pointed to testimony from lawmakers representing the county who claimed the ordinance was necessary to avoid unwanted cross-pollination between biotech crops and those that are conventional or organic.

Former Gov. John Kitzhaber also stated that Jackson County was specifically exempt from Senate Bill 863, the state pre-emption law, when he pushed lawmakers to approve it, said Clarke.

Plaintiffs in the case — Schulz Family Farms and James and Marilyn Frink — claimed that SB 863 did not affect the “right to farm” law, which they interpreted as protecting their genetically engineered alfalfa crops from being destroyed.

While Clarke has dismissed the farmers’ arguments regarding “right to farm,” their claim seeking $4.2 million in compensation from Jackson County remains alive in the case.

The growers argue that forcing them to remove about 300 acres of herbicide-resistant “Roundup Ready” alfalfa amounts to the county condemning their property for public use, which requires just compensation.

Capital Press was unable to reach the plaintiffs or Jackson County for comment.

The Center for Food Safety, a nonprofit critical of biotech crops, considers the ruling a “big win” but expects the plaintiffs will challenge it before the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, said George Kimbrell, senior attorney for the group.

The judge has recognized that genetically engineered crops pose a significant commercial threat to non-biotech growers, which was a key issue in the litigation, Kimbrell said. “This case is a resounding affirmation of the right of farmers to protect themselves from GE contamination.”

A bill aimed at expanding government oversight of “rails-to-trails” across farmland in Oregon, intended to prevent disruptions to agriculture, has died in committee.

House Bill 3367 would have required conditional use permits for certain projects in farm zones, such as converting railroad tracks to bike paths, which would allow neighboring farmers to weigh in on such proposals.

The Oregon Farm Bureau and conservation groups supported the bill, arguing that dealing with ongoing public recreation poses a much greater challenge for farmers than the passage of an occasional train.

Growers know when trains will travel across their property and can plan their operations accordingly, but they face greater difficulties when spraying, tilling or moving livestock near bikers and other visitors, proponents of HB 3367 said.

The Oregon Recreation and Park Association opposed the original version of the bill for allegedly threatening to interfere with a process that’s successfully created hundreds of miles of trails in the state.

Trails rarely encounter the type of problems anticipated by farmers, opponents of HB 3367 said.

Even trails that cross the farmland of willing landowners would be subject to greater scrutiny by county governments under the bill, ORPA said.

“Let’s not throw the baby out with the bath water,” said Stephanie Redman, the group’s executive director, during a recent legislative hearing.

The original version of HB 3367 passed the House by a strong margin, but during Senate hearings, ORPA pressed for an amendment that would only require permits when the land is acquired through eminent domain.

Representatives of Oregon’s Department of Land Conservation and Development testified that permits are already required for certain trails, though not those which modify existing transportation easements.

Several park officials, however, told lawmakers that this process hasn’t been followed unfirmly across the state.

In the end, the Senate Committee on Environment decided to let the bill die during a May 27 work session rather than schedule further deliberations.

Cindy Robert, lobbyist for the ORPA, said the concept isn’t necessarily a “dud” but more time is needed to clarify existing regulations and how they’ve been applied.

Hopefully, a solution that makes sense for everyone can be found during a future legislative session, she said.

GRANTS PASS, Ore. (AP) — Checks totaling $20 million are being sent to 18 timber counties in western Oregon under terms of a federal subsidy renewed by Congress.

The U.S. Bureau of Land Management announced Thursday that the money is being distributed to the so-called O&C counties under terms of the Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act.

The counties once received so much money as a share of logging on the so-called O&C lands that some didn’t have to levy taxes. But when logging was drastically cut in the 1990s to protect the northern spotted owl and salmon, Congress created a series of safety nets. The latest one had expired, but was revived by Congress.

The money has been steadily decreasing, and counties that depend on it the most have trouble providing services.

LANGLOIS — New signs, a popular grocery featuring many locally sourced organic products, a newly reopened hip diner, a Montessori-inspired preschool, wool artisans, antique stores, wind surfin…

The Port Orford Arts Council sponsored a spring party on May 16 at the former Langlois Cheese Factory, which is now rented out for events in the area.

Associated Press

Armed with rifles equipped with silencers, government hunters have started shooting seabirds on an uninhabited island at the mouth of the Columbia River, to reduce their consumption of juvenile salmon migrating to the ocean.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers acknowledged Wednesday that wildlife control personnel from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services started over the weekend implementing the corps’ plan to cut by more than half the numbers of double-crested cormorants nesting on East Sand Island between Oregon and Washington, where they eat millions of juvenile salmon migrating to the ocean. The island is the biggest double-crested cormorant nesting site in North America, and some of the salmon are protected species.

Bob Winters, program manager for the corps, said a team of three to four wildlife control personnel armed with .22-caliber rifles would be killing birds on the island through August. The goal is to reduce the colony from about 14,000 breeding pairs to 5,600 pairs by 2018.

The Audubon Society of Portland has challenged the killing in a federal lawsuit that argues the corps is ignoring the biggest threat to salmon, hydroelectric dams on the Columbia. Conservation director Bob Sallinger called on the corps to allow independent observers on the island so the public can know how the killing is being carried out, and to call off the killing until the lawsuit has run its course.

“The idea of turning the largest cormorant colony in the United States into as shooting gallery and killing cormorants on the nest is a low point in terms of recent wildlife management efforts,” Sallinger said.

Winters said Wildlife Services personnel are focusing on portions of the colony where eggs have yet to hatch, so as not to create a situation where chicks are left without parents to feed them. Numbers of how many birds have been killed and eggs oiled to prevent them from hatching are to be posted on a corps website on Thursdays each week.

He added that the corps has a contract with people who are verifying the culling is being done in accordance with the environmental impact statement.

ONTARIO, Ore. — Oregon State University researchers have alerted onion growers in the region to be on the lookout for the iris yellow spot virus in this year’s crop.

The virus has been detected in several volunteer onions, said OSU Cropping Systems Extension Agent Stuart Reitz.

“I haven’t seen it in the crop yet but if we’re seeing it in the volunteers, it’s only a matter of time before it shows up in the crop,” he said. “I expect to see it showing ... up in the crop any time basically.”

About 25 percent of the nation’s fresh bulb onions are grown in Eastern Oregon and Southwestern Idaho and the virus is one of the industry’s top production challenges.

It weakens the onion plant and can significantly reduce growth, which is important in the onion industry because larger-sized bulb onions fetch higher prices.

The virus is transmitted to onions by thrips and the insect’s populations are starting to build up rapidly, Reitz said.

“We’re consistently seeing 1 to 2 adult thrips per plant, which is a healthy population for this time of year,” he said.

The virus was detected in last year’s crop in early June.

Reitz said growers should be focusing on controlling volunteer onions, since they act as early season reservoirs for thrips and the virus to move into the crop.

“People need to get all of the volunteer stuff away,” said Nyssa farmer Paul Skeen, president of the Malheur County Onion Growers Association.

Nyssa grower Reid Saito said the virus is one of the industry’s top two problems, along with the nutsedge weed.

“We don’t have a real good handle on it,” he said. “You just never know when it’s going to show up. Year to year and area to area, the virus pressure varies.”

Saito said he has seen onion fields that look great “and then when the virus shows up, I’ve seen the whole complexion of the crop change from good to terrible in a matter of days.”

Reitz and Skeen credit an aggressive thrips control program with helping keep virus pressure low last year compared with the previous several years.

2013 was a bad year for the virus but last year was mild by comparison, Skeen said, and that was due in part to farmers spraying earlier and more often for thrips.

Farmers should be out scouting their fields now and acting quickly if any virus pressure is detected, Reitz said.

“People should be checking their crop very carefully to see if any virus shows up,” he said. “The people who had less severe pressure last year were the ones who stayed on top of it.”

For more information about thrips and the virus, contact Reitz at (541) 881-1417.

A proposal to increase restrictions on genetically engineered crops has been revived in the Oregon Legislature a month after a similar bill died in committee.

House Bill 3554 would allow the Oregon Department of Agriculture to establish “control areas” where biotech crops — even those deregulated by federal authorities — would be subject to additional rules, such as isolation distances.

Growers who fear cross-pollination from genetically modified organisms could petition ODA to create a “market production district” in which such crops would face similar regulations.

Farm suppliers would also have to report sales of biotech seeds to the agency.

The new bill is a compromise because state officials could choose whether to designate control areas or market production districts, said Ivan Maluski, policy director of Friends of Family Farmers, a group that supports stronger GMO regulation.

“It’s done in a way that gives ODA the authority without telling them what to do,” he said.

Under earlier legislation, which died in the House Committee on Rural Communities, Land Use and Water in April, the agency would be required to establish control areas for biotech crops.

Clarifying ODA’s authority over GMOs is necessary because the agency currently believes it loses the power to regulate once they’re commercialized by USDA, Maluski said.

“Right now, they pretty much argue their hands are tied,” he said.

Opponents of the bill are disappointed that the control area concept has been resurrected, even though such designations aren’t mandatory under HB 3554.

“It might be scaled back in some respects, but none that are meaningful,” said Scott Dalhman, policy director of the Oregonians for Food and Shelter agribusiness group.

Subjecting biotech crops to control areas is a “draconian” idea that was previously rejected because it effectively allows some farmers to dictate what others can grow, Dahlman said.

Traditionally, farmers who signed contracts that guarantee price premiums in return for high seed purity were responsible for living up to those specifications themselves, he said.

Under HB 3554, growers can demand that the government dictate their neighbors’ farming practices to ensure the contract terms are met, he said.

Dahlman and other biotech proponents want lawmakers to pass House Bill 2509, which would create a mediation system overseen by ODA to resolve conflicts over genetically engineered crops.

Critics of GMOs, on the other hand, claim that a stronger statewide policy is necessary because lawmakers pre-empted most local governments from regulating such crops in 2013.

“There’s a lot of interest in the legislature following through on that promise,” Maluski said.

Up to $2.5 million is available from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service for farmers, ranchers and forest landowners to mitigate the effects of drought in 15 Oregon counties.

Baker, Crook, Deschutes, Grant, Harney, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lake, Lane, Malheur, Morrow, Umatilla, Wasco and Wheeler counties have received drought declarations from Gov. Kate Brown. Other counties could be added if they receive declarations.

Landowners in those counties should submit applications to their local USDA Service Center by June 26 to be considered. The funding is through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, a financial assistance program in the Farm Bill that allows NRCS to work with private landowners to implement conservation practices and reimburse landowners for a portion of the expense.

NRCS nationwide is also aiding the most severely drought-stricken areas in seven other states: California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas.

“This funding will help Oregonians in the most drought-stricken areas of the state to mitigate the impacts of drought on cropland, rangeland and forestland,” said Ron Alvarado, state conservationist, in a press release.

NRCS will give higher priority to applications in counties with the highest drought status according to the USDA Drought Monitor map, but producers in all counties included in declarations by the governor will be eligible to apply for funding.

In Oregon, NRCS will focus the funding on cropland, rangeland and forestry conservation practices. For cropland practices, NRCS will assist producers with planting and managing cover crops and implementing emergency soil erosion measures. These practices will help farmers protect the soil from erosion, promote more organic matter in the soil, and aid in better water infiltration.

For rangeland practices, NRCS will assist ranchers in developing grazing management plans and installing emergency livestock watering facilities and multi-purpose water impoundments. These practices help reduce pressure on stressed vegetation, allow the soil to retain more moisture, and deliver emergency water supplies to livestock.

For forestry practices, NRCS will help landowners with wildfire prevention measures, such as creating fuel breaks, multi-purpose water impoundments and other fuel reduction activities. These actions reduce excess vegetation in a forest so that wildfire has less fuel to spread higher into the canopy, where it causes the most damage. NRCS is partnering with the Oregon Department of Forestry to focus the funding on areas with a higher risk for catastrophic forest fire.

Applications will be ranked for funding based on the drought level, resource concern, conservation benefit and, if applicable, the wildfire risk factor.

I read with great interest in the May 18 edition of The World about the Wilderland School in Langlois and their monthly field trips. Not only do these trips highlight the local economy and his…

BANDON — He was just 17 years old and not even finished with high school.

COOS BAY — At 99, Wilma Jensen has created a lot of things on her sewing machine. She's made quilts. Dance costumes. Wedding dresses. Then there are things she's knitted, furniture she's finis…

BANDON — He was just 17 years old and not even finished with high school.

Agricultural researchers at the three Northwest land grant universities are hosting a series of train-the-trainer workshops on integrated pest management in June.

The series includes two three-day workshops:

• At the Oregon State University Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center on June 8, 9 and 10.

• At the Washington State University Whitman County Extension Center in Colfax on June 24, 25 and 26.

Two more will be held in 2016, said Silvia Rondon, OSU Extension entomologist specialist.

The workshops are designed for extension field faculty, agency professionals and crop consultants. They will include presentations on monitoring techniques, pest identification and pest management techniques.

“It’s all about increasing use of IPM in the region,” Rondon said. She added that the workshop are “very region specific.”

The land grant universities have offered short courses on IPM for control of insects in years past, Rondon said, but this is the first year the universities are adding diseases and weeds to the course agendas.

As part of the courses, participants will be provided materials for collecting weeds, insects and diseased plant tissue.

Participation is limited to no more than 20 per session, and the workshops “are very hands on,” Rondon said.

All sessions will also be available on line, she said.

Online

More information is available at http://extension.oregonstate.edu/umatilla/ipm

HERMISTON, Ore. — Grass seed growers in the Columbia Basin, Grande Ronde Valley and Central Oregon this year are able to stay abreast of ergot spore production thanks to the introduction of an Ergot Alert Newsletter.

Detection of ergot spores in grass seed crops can help growers minimize the disease’s yield impact and avoid unnecessary fungicide applications, according to Union County Extension agronomist Darrin Walenta.

Walenta informed growers about the newsletter at a May 19 field day at the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center.

The newsletter is being put out by the Ergot Research Team, a group of Oregon State University and USDA Agricultural Research Service researchers. It contains spore-count data collected from traps that capture airborne spores at seven monitoring sites, and ergot management recommendations.

The first newsletter, issued May 13, reported that airborne ergot spores were collected at four sites, two in perennial ryegrass seed fields and two in Kentucky bluegrass seed fields. The first ergot spores were detected on April 19 and 22 in two Umatilla County perennial ryegrass fields. On April 26 and May 1, spores were detected in two Union County Kentucky bluegrass fields.

A second newsletter, issued May 18, reported that additional spores were counted in the two Union County bluegrass fields.

The second newsletter included an advisory that fungicide applications recently made for control of stripe rust and powdery mildew will not provide protection from ergot. Those applications, the alert states, were too early to provide ergot suppression.

The newsletter also states that no action is needed at this time (on May 18), because spore density is “very, very low and flowering has not begun yet.”

Grass seed crops are most susceptible to damage from ergot during flowering.

“However,” the newsletter states, “it is very important to monitor fields closely and track crop-development progress.” The alert also stresses the importance of timely fungicide applications and that growers should keep particularly close watch “in fields that had some level of infection in 2014.”

“If you had an issue in a field last year, prioritize your monitoring efforts there,” Walenta said at the field day, “because you know there will be inoculum in that field.”

The research team has been working to identify methods to manage ergot since OSU Extension plant pathologist Phil Hamm first formed it five years ago. The disease, considered one of the oldest known diseases of grasses and cereals, continues to create problems in grass seed crops, particularly in perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass seed crops, where it can lower yields and render straw unusable for animal feed.

The disease infects the flower of grass plants, which then exude a sticky substance referred to as honeydew, which attracts insects that spread the disease.

The disease eventually replaces seed with black fungal sclerotia.

Managing the disease takes a combination of cultural and chemical management, according to the May 13 newsletter. Among cultural management techniques recommended in the newsletter are to plant ergot-free seed and to rotate fields out of susceptible grasses.

The alert advises growers to consult the Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook for fungicide products available for ergot suppression in Oregon and Washington.

At the field day, Walenta also encouraged growers to participate in an ergot survey that is designed to assess the value of the electronically distributed newsletter and to help identify more effective tools for ergot disease management.

Walenta asked growers to contact Jeremiah Dung at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Madras, 541-475-7107, for more information on the survey.

SALEM, Ore. (AP) — Gov. Kate Brown has issued drought declarations for eight more Oregon counties, bringing the total to 15.

The action allows increased flexibility in how water is managed to ensure that limited supplies are used as efficiently as possible.

Brown said Friday that hot, dry weather this summer will likely lead to a difficult fire season and water shortages.

It applies to eight counties in central, southern and eastern Oregon. They are Deschutes, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Lane, Morrow, Umatilla and Wasco counties.