SPRINGFIELD, Ore. (AP) — Oregon police say they shot a cougar that was seen inside a fenced backyard stalking children while they were playing in a swimming pool.

Springfield police Lt. Scott McKee says they used a dog to track the cougar.

The dog chased the cougar up two trees where it was shot and killed.

Police say they decided to put down the 2-year-old, 70-pound cougar after the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife concluded that it was the only safe option.

Springfield police believe it was the same cat that was sighted on Sunday.

The animal’s body was taken to the fish and wildlife department for a necropsy, or autopsy for animals, to determine if it was in the area because it was sick or in search of prey.

A spring surge in imported red raspberries has soured the economics of the summer harvest, according to Washington growers.

Woodland farmer George Thoeny said he sells fresh raspberries at a profit at farmers’ markets and a roadside stand, but that he may lose money on fruit he sells for processing.

“The price has been a disaster, an all-time low,” he said. “The imports have just killed this industry.”

Farmers in the three red raspberry-growing states — Washington, California and Oregon — compete against an increasing volume of foreign fruit. The main competitor, Mexico, more than doubled exports to the U.S. between 2014 and 2017, according to the USDA Economic Research Service.

So far this year, imports from Serbia and Chile have also significantly increased. In April and May alone, 15.5 million pounds of frozen red raspberries came into the U.S. compared to 7.9 million pounds the year before.

The size and timing of the influx left Washington growers in some cases without buyers, particularly for berries that were to be sold for juice, Washington Red Raspberry Commission Executive Director Henry Bierlink said.

“That kind of sent the message to everybody, they can get product without paying much for it,” he said.

The raspberry commission suspects growers are being undercut by foreign fruit being dumped on the U.S. market at below the cost of production. Gathering evidence has been complicated by the way imports are labeled and reported, Bierlink said. The commission retained a Washington, D.C., law firm last year to investigate whether it had a case.

“We asked, and they said, ‘You don’t have much of one. You need better data,’” Bierlink said.

The state commission led successful challenges to Canadian trade practices in the mid-1980s and Chilean trade practices in the early 2000s. Even with better data, pursuing a new claim would be harder now, Bierlink said.

California has become a major red raspberry state, and many producers there also grow berries in Mexico. “They would have limited interest in suing themselves,” Bierlink said.

Another hurdle would be money. Bierlink estimates pursing a claim would cost $1 million to $2 million. Congress in 2005 repealed the Byrd Amendment, which awarded payments to U.S. companies that filed successful trade complaints. The World Trade Organization had ruled the practice illegal.

Unlike many sectors of the farm economy, trade does not benefit red raspberry growers, said Lynden farmer Jon Maberry, the raspberry commission chairman.

“We understand we don’t have the same position as some of the other ag commodities,” he said. “We would be happy if we could supply the U.S.”

Low-cost Mexican red raspberries that end up as an ingredient in juice or other products pose the biggest long-term threat to the U.S. industry, he said.

The raspberry commission is talking to policymakers about labeling laws to inform consumers that they are buying U.S. berries, Maberry said.

“We don’t want a bail out, we just want things to be fair,” he said. “We think it’s in the best interest of consumers to have the U.S. growing its own food.”

A cross between two hop plants made 18 years ago will likely debut this October as “Triumph,” a new public variety resulting from the cooperative breeding efforts of USDA and Northwest growers.

Unlike cultivars owned by private companies, Triumph can be grown and propagated without paying license fees to the developer, said John Henning, a research geneticist with USDA who developed the variety.

“It’s all publicly handled and that dramatically decreases the cost of production to the grower,” Henning said.

The variety’s name springs from its repeated “triumph” over other cultivars during single-hop brewing trials, as well as Henning’s favorite brand of motorcycle.

Aroma-style hops generally yield about eight to 10 bales per acre, while Triumph has produced 12 or more in field trials, he said.

“We don’t want to overhype it because it’s a small plot,” said Doug Weathers, a hop farmer who tested the variety on 2 acres near Salem, Ore.

Weathers said he appreciates that Triumph is “on the front end of harvest,” which means he can begin using picking and processing machinery before most other hop cultivars are ready.

“It picks really nice and dries really nice,” he said. “It’s fairly non-problematic to grow.”

Agronomic benefits are important but flavor ultimately determines whether a new hop variety will catch on, experts say.

Brewers have described Triumph as having notes of “pink Bazooka bubblegum” and “peach stone fruit,” Weathers said. “That’s the feedback we’re getting from them.”

The hops are well-suited for use in pale ales, amber ales and pilsners, he said. “It’s a little lighter profile.”

New hop varieties typically need a “long runway” to gain popularity, said Pete Venegas, procurement manager at Yakima Chief-Hopunion, a hop supplier.

“You need to be persistent and keep promoting it,” Venegas said.

Becoming a key ingredient in a popular beer can greatly boost demand for a hop variety, particularly for a brew that racks up awards, he said. “It’s really up to the consumer.”

Triumph is tentatively planned for public release in October after undergoing years of greenhouse and field trials, with the final step being the 2-acre plot at Weathers’ farm.

Henning said Triumph is his first new hop variety in about a decade but he’s got two other varieties ready to jump to the final testing stage.

The cultivar is joining a crowded hop market. This spring, the national inventory of hops hit a record 169 million pounds, up 20 percent from the previous year and the highest level in decades.

Stocks of the ingredient have piled up as sales of craft beer haven’t kept pace with projections of red-hot growth, experts say.

Kathy Hadley maneuvers a combine over neat rows of tall fescue that was recently cut at her family’s farm near Rickreall, Ore., in the heart of the Willamette Valley, where farmers grow roughly two-thirds of the cool season grass seed produced in the U.S.

Grass seed harvest began in mid-June, and despite an unusually dry May with almost no significant rainfall, Hadley says yields should be close to average, with a wide range of variability from field to field.

“For us, we’re just kind of at the mercy of Mother Nature,” Hadley says from behind the wheel as dry grass feeds into the combine’s header. “It’s all across the board, from being really poor to really good.”

Seed prices are also a mixed bag, with the price of turf-type tall fescue particularly strong, based on several factors, including short supply and new varieties displacing perennial ryegrass in some markets.

Hadley is harvesting 30 acres of turf-type tall fescue for DLF Pickseed in Halsey, Ore. Companies such as DLF contract with farmers to grow their proprietary varieties.

Following a mild winter and dry spring, Hadley says growers were concerned about lower yields and seed weight heading into this year’s harvest, though they appear to be in good shape so far.

“It’s been going pretty smoothly,” Hadley says. “We’ve had some trucks that weighed really good.”

Growers will receive 9 cents more per pound for tall fescue this year — a price bump of about 11 percent. Mark Simmons, executive director of the Oregon Grass Seed Bargaining Association, says farmers hope to maintain that increase over the next few years.

The association, made up of 150 members, negotiates prices for tall fescue and perennial ryegrass with dealers. Simmons, a former Oregon legislator and state House speaker, says there is already a shortage of turf-type tall fescue, and breeders have developed more robust varieties preferred over perennial ryegrass, prompting greater demand.

“The breeders have developed new dark green, finer leafed varieties of turf-type tall fescue that the market likes,” Simmons says.

Lucas Solis, vice president and general manager of Pure Seed in Canby, Ore., says tall fescue continues to be in high demand, but cautions against overproduction pressuring prices.

“I think there should be a lot of concern about tall fescue,” Solis says. “When you have increased production and a pie that’s only so big ... it’s just the law of economics. Supply goes up, price goes down.”

Oregon grows about 400,000 acres of grass seed, 90 percent of which is in the Willamette Valley. The industry produces approximately 600 million pounds of seed each year, according to the Oregon Seed Council.

While nearly all of western Oregon is experiencing moderate drought, Simmons says high heat did not come until after cutting began, sparing growers a worst-case scenario.

“Luckily we didn’t get any 90- or 100-degree temperatures in May while we weren’t getting any rain,” he said. “If that had materialized, we would probably really be singing the blues during harvest.”

Craig Froerer likes what he sees in his onion fields outside Nyssa, Ore.

“All the stars aligned for a great crop this year,” he said.

The large onion crop of southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho looks good as growers head toward harvest. Some early varieties are getting harvest-ready. Fields appear to be in fine shape and noticeably farther along than they were at this point in the slow-starting 2017 season.

“We have had very mild, even temperatures, so it is going to be a great crop,” said Froerer, of Froerer Farms. “We have had great weather all the time, and no really high temperatures,” he said July 20. “The crop is deciding what it is going to do and it is going be a great crop. We are starting to harvest today.”

Some early-to-mature varieties are approaching harvest-readiness, said Oregon State University Malheur County Extension Agent Stuart Reitz, based in Ontario.

Early varieties and transplants — which are planted as small onions and have a head start on the directly seeded crop — typically bypass long-term storage and go directly to customers. This effectively extends the period over which onions can be shipped and gives customers more options.

Onions and onion fields in the area look good in general, Reitz said July 20.

“Last year was a bit of a difficult year with the weather and late planting. But right now, everything across the (Treasure) Valley is looking pretty good,” he said. “Stands look good, and plants have been doing well. It has been hot the last few days, but not excessively.”

Growers this time of year want to see closed-over rows of plants that have uniform height and size. A good-looking stand has the crop uniformly spread across the field, rather than showing an abundance of onions in one area and sparse conditions in another.

“We will see how it all turns out, but now most of the fields are in pretty good shape,” Reitz said.

Idaho Onion Growers Association President Dell Winegar, who farms south of Fruitland, Idaho, said it appears onions are building heft.

“Some of the ones we are going to be doing early are getting some size,” he said. “The overall quality looks good to me.”

Winegar said he expects some thin stands in the area, a result of heavy winds earlier in the year. “That doesn’t go away. There will be some,” he said. “But overall size should be good.”

The season is at least a week to 10 days ahead of year-earlier conditions — so onions will be better-cured when they go into storage, and more will be ideal in size if current conditions hold, he said. Temperatures that get too high for too long can make onions mature too early; tops can fall over, and the onions don’t reach ideal size, he said.

Paul Skeen, president of the Malheur County Onion Growers Association, said he expects “an average good, healthy crop” this year. Excess heat so far has not been an issue, he said.

Skeen, who farms near Nyssa, expects to start harvesting early varieties Aug. 10 or so, he said. The onion crop in the area should be better than last year’s, he said.

“It’s not perfect,” Skeen said, citing some impacts from heavy wind last spring, “but overall it is looking good.”

Drought conditions are spreading in Oregon and Washington, and an El Nino forming in the Pacific Ocean will tilt the odds in favor of more warm and dry months ahead, federal officials reported.

The percentage of Oregon in moderate or severe drought was up to 80 percent from 68 percent from the week before, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. Meanwhile, a moderate drought in Washington expanded to 26 percent from 17 percent of the state.

Conditions in Idaho and California were unchanged, with 6 percent of Idaho and 44 percent of California in some degree of drought. The Drought Monitor has four stages of drought, ranging from moderate to exceptional.

Also the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center reported that the odds favor above-average temperatures in the four states during August, September and October.

Looking further ahead, the center puts the chances that an El Nino will form in the Pacific Ocean by November at 70 percent. An El Nino, a warming of equatorial sea-surface temperatures, usually leads to warmer and drier winters in the Pacific Northwest.

Forecasts of an El Nino have missed the mark before. A large amount of warm water below the surface makes forecasters slightly more confident this time, according to the center.

Drought conditions in Oregon are most severe east of the Cascades, where 25 percent of the state has fallen into a “severe” drought, the level above “moderate.”

In Washington, the moderate drought conditions are mostly west of the mountains, though drought conditions extend up the Columbia Gorge as far east as Benton County.

River flows in southwest Washington are particularly low, resembling levels during the 2015 drought, according to Ecology. The department last month curtailed the water-rights of 93 irrigators in the Chehalis basin.

East of the Cascades, the water-rights of about 40 irrigators in the Walla Walla basin in southeast Washington have been curtailed.

Ecology on Friday cut off the water-rights of 80 irrigators in the Methow basin in north-central Washington because of low stream and river flows.

The Bureau of Reclamation projected this month that junior water-right holders in the Yakima Valley will receive 100 percent of their water supplies for the irrigation season.

CENTRAL POINT, Ore. (AP) — Firefighters are facing hot, dry and breezy conditions as they work to contain a complex of 13 wildfires burning in southwest Oregon.

Fire officials say more than 1,800 firefighters and 30 aircraft are battling the Garner Complex fire in Jackson and Josephine counties on Sunday. Troops from the National Guard have also arrived to help.

The fire has scorched about 12 square miles and was about 10 percent contained as of Sunday morning.

Fire spokesman Don Hickman says crews are very focused as they work in hot conditions and steep terrain.

Meanwhile, fire officials say they’ve made significant progress containing a deadly wildfire that has burned wheat fields and grasslands near The Dalles.

The Substation blaze has burned more than 123 square miles and was 90 percent contained as of Monday morning.

A federal judge in San Francisco heard oral arguments Friday in a case filed by the Klamath Tribes of southern Oregon seeking greater protections for endangered sucker fish in Upper Klamath Lake.

The lawsuit, which names the Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service as defendants, requests an injunction to hold more water in the lake for shortnose and Lost River suckers, a culturally significant food for the tribes.

Farmers and ranchers, however, worry the injunction would essentially shut off surface water irrigation in the Klamath Project, costing roughly $400 million in lost annual economic value.

District Judge William Orrick did not issue a ruling from the bench, and is considering a motion to transfer the case to a different court. There is no timetable for a decision moving forward.

Mark Johnson, deputy director of the Klamath Water Users Association, said the non-ruling means irrigators in the Klamath Project will be allowed to continue watering their crops — for now.

“We’ll find out hopefully in a few days what the ruling will be,” Johnson said.

The KWUA, along with the Sunnyside Irrigation District and California farmer Ben DuVal, jointly filed to intervene in the tribes’ lawsuit. They argue an injunction would have a devastating effect on agriculture, and furthermore there is no evidence linking higher lake levels with healthier sucker populations.

“A lot of it is weather-driven, regardless of lake levels,” Johnson said. “Overall, lake levels do play into it, but they’re not a huge driving factor.”

Water levels in Upper Klamath Lake are managed by the Bureau of Reclamation under the 2013 biological opinion, or BiOp, which also balances water deliveries to the Klamath Project for irrigation.

Both the shortnose and Lost River suckers — known by the tribes as C’waam and Koptu — were listed as endangered in 1988. Fish harvests decreased from more than 10,000 to just 687 suckers between 1968 and 1985, according to the tribes, and today just two fish are harvested for ceremonial purposes.

The lawsuit claims that, despite the Endangered Species Act listing, the Bureau of Reclamation continues to operate the Klamath Project “in a manner inimical to the continued existence and ultimate recovery of the C’waam and Koptu and in direct violation of the ESA.” It further states that, “Dramatic changes to the Klamath River Basin’s hydrology and the rise of agricultural activity within the area since the Project’s inception have caused (Upper Klamath Lake) to change from eutrophic to hypereutrophic, that is, from a lake with high nutrient levels to one that is excessively rich in them.”

Don Gentry, tribal chairman, could not be reached Friday for comment.

In addition to maintaining levels in Upper Klamath Lake, Orrick ruled last year that more water was needed in the Klamath River to flush away a deadly salmon-killing parasite known as C. shasta. The bureau released 38,425 acre-feet of water April 6-15 and 50,000 acre-feet May 7-28 to comply with the order, delaying the water allocation for irrigators until June.

If the Klamath Tribes succeed with their injunction for more water in Upper Klamath Lake, Johnson said it would essentially shut down surface water irrigation for 230,000 acres in the project.

“People wouldn’t be able to irrigate at all,” Johnson said. “It would be catastrophic.”

SALEM, Ore. (AP) — The U.S. Department of Justice is taking over an embattled Oregon mega-dairy, citing the owner’s continued drug use, gambling, out-of-control spending and pending criminal charges.

The Statesman Journal reports Lost Valley Farm, located near Boardman, supplies milk to the Tillamook County Creamery Association, which produces Tillamook Cheese.

It is the second largest dairy in the state.

The 11-square mile (29-square kilometer) dairy has had issues including financial and regulatory problems since it opened over a year ago.

Owner Greg te Velde is facing criminal charges in California for meth possession and trying to bribe an officer.

He declined to comment on Thursday.

The Justice Department is also handling te Velde’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which was filed in an effort to stall a bank foreclosure sale of his cattle.

A massive 70,000-acre wildfire burning east of The Dalles, Ore. is putting the region’s wheat harvest in jeopardy as farmers rush to save their crop from the fast-moving and unpredictable blaze.

The Substation fire started July 17 and grew quickly to become the top priority wildfire in the U.S. Authorities say the cause is “incendiary in nature,” and one Wasco County farmer has died trying to fight the fire.

Firefighting is part of the job for wheat farmers in north-central Oregon, especially around harvest with heavy machinery working in dry, combustible fields. But Darren Padget, a farmer in Grass Valley, said they have never seen anything like the Substation fire.

“We’ve had plenty of fires before,” Padget said. “(This) was unlike anything we’ve ever seen out here.”

Gov. Kate Brown declared the fire a conflagration on July 18, pulling in resources from across the state to contain the blaze. As of July 20, 278 firefighters from 73 agencies had arrived on scene and had the fire 15 percent contained.

The Wasco County Sheriff’s Office identified John Ruby, 64, as the man who died in the fire. Ruby’s body was found near a burned tractor, and he was reportedly trying to protect his neighbor’s property by digging a firebreak.

Padget, who also serves as a member of the Oregon Wheat Commission, said Ruby’s death was a tragedy. It is normal for farmers in the area to team up and help fight fires, he said, keeping water trucks and disc plows on hand for such emergencies.

“The first thing you do is get the discs going,” Padget said. “Normally, that would be enough to slow it down.”

The Substation fire, however, raced 18 miles its first run, feasting on standing wheat, grass and brush in Wasco and Sherman counties, fanned by wind gusts of 35 mph. Padget said the smoke was so thick he could barely see his hand in front of his face, and flames jumped over fire lines “like they weren’t even there.”

“We didn’t know what the right move was, at times,” he said.

Alan von Borstel, a fellow Grass Valley farmer, told the Associated Press that it has been day after day of horrendous winds, and the fire also creates its own wind.

“As the fire gets closer, you actually start to feel threatened, and if it gets too close, we realize we can’t do it, (and) we get the hell out of Dodge,” von Borstel said.

Brian Tuck, the local dryland crops specialist for Oregon State University Extension Service, said wheat harvest began earlier this month but has been interrupted by the fire while growers feverishly work to protect their crop.

Tuck said he is not certain how many acres of unharvested wheat have burned, but commiserates that some farms in the two counties were anticipating higher-than-average yields thanks to timely spring rains. Fields that normally would have cut 55-60 bushels per acre may have yielded upwards of 80-90 bushels per acre, he said.

“The sad part is this (fire) is burning up a bunch of wheat that wasn’t harvested,” Tuck said.

Per the 2012 Census of Agriculture, Sherman and Wasco counties grow a combined 186,135 acres of wheat. The predominant variety, soft white wheat, is used to make things like cakes and crackers, and most of the crop is exported to Asia. The current price for soft white wheat trading out of Portland is $5.90 per bushel.

Firefighters are targeting Aug. 3 to have the Substation fire fully contained. Once the fire is extinguished, Tuck said the main concern will shift to soil erosion on the charred landscape, stripping fields of vital nutrients.

“Erosion for this winter is going to be a concern,” he said. “If we avoid a hard, severe winter, that will be to our advantage.”

Wes Jennings, farm program chief for the USDA Farm Service Agency in Oregon, said they do offer emergency relief for farmers and ranchers, but it is still too early to tell which programs will kick in after the fire.

“It’s going to be on a case-by-case basis,” Jennings said. He advised producers to call their local county FSA offices as soon as possible to determine the next steps to take. Wheat farmers will likely have to lean on crop insurance, he said.

Neither Padget nor von Borstel have lost any wheat to the fire, but they know how quickly that can change. Farmers will continue to look out for one another, von Borstel told the AP.

“Without the help of the farmers, this thing wouldn’t get stopped,” he said.

Padget said their number one priority is to protect themselves, their neighbors and their livelihood.

“We’ll be talking about this for a long, long time to come,” Padget said.

Anyone with information about the Substation fire is asked to call the Oregon State Police tip line at 1-800-452-7888.

Firefighting is part of the job for dryland wheat farmers in north-central Oregon, especially around harvest time with heavy machinery working in hot, combustible fields.

But Darren Padget said they have never seen anything quite like the Substation fire, which started Tuesday east of The Dalles and spread over 50,000 acres by Thursday morning in Wasco and Sherman counties.

“We’ve had plenty of fires before,” said Padget, a farmer near Grass Valley. “(This) was unlike anything we’ve ever seen out here.”

The Substation fire started on private land before racing out of control through grass, brush and standing wheat. On Wednesday, Gov. Kate Brown declared the fire a conflagration, pulling in resources from across the state to try to corral the blaze. So far, 178 firefighters from 32 agencies have arrived on scene, and more are on the way.

During a press conference Thursday, Brown said the fire is being investigated for possible arson. Anyone with information is asked to call the Oregon State Police tip line at 1-800-452-7888.

One person, a 64-year-old farmer identified as John Ruby, died while trying to fight the fire, according to the Wasco County Sheriff’s Office. His body was found near a burned tractor, and was reportedly trying to protect his neighbor’s property by digging a firebreak.

Padget, who also serves on the Oregon Wheat Commission, said it is normal for farmers in the region to team up and help fight fires, keeping water trucks and disc plows on hand for emergencies.

“The first thing you do is get the discs going,” Padget said. “Normally, that would be enough to slow it down.”

The Substation fire, however, spread 18 miles during its initial run, pushed south and east by wind gusts up to 35 mph. At times, Padget said smoke was so thick he could barely see his hand in front of his face, and flames easily jumped their fire lines.

“Nature has a way of letting you know who is in charge,” Padget said.

Brian Tuck, the local dryland crops specialist for Oregon State University Extension Service, said wheat harvest began earlier this month but has been interrupted by the fire while growers feverishly work to protect their crop.

Tuck said he is not certain how many acres of unharvested wheat have burned, but commiserates that some areas in the two counties were anticipating higher-than-average yields thanks to timely spring rains. Fields that normally would have cut 55-60 bushels per acre may have yielded upwards of 80-90 bushels per acre, he said.

“The sad part is this (fire) is burning up a bunch of wheat that wasn’t harvested,” Tuck said.

Soft white wheat, the predominant variety grown in Eastern Oregon, is currently trading at $5.90 per bushel out of Portland. Per the 2012 Census of Agriculture, Sherman and Wasco counties grow a combined 186,135 acres of wheat — which ranks third and fifth in the state, respectively.

While Padget said he has not personally lost any wheat to the fire, he knows that can change quickly given the fire’s unpredictability.

“Right now, as long as the winds don’t do something stupid or anything like that, Grass Valley should be fine,” Padget said on Thursday. “But after yesterday, all bets are off.”

Once the fire is extinguished, Padget and Tuck both said the main concern will shift to soil erosion on the charred landscape, stripping fields of vital nutrients.

Tuck said agencies will need to gather and discuss what resources are available to help farmers mitigate those risks.

“Erosion for this winter is going to be a concern,” he said. “If we avoid a hard, severe winter, that will be to our advantage.”

Wes Jennings, farm program chief for the USDA Farm Service Agency in Oregon, said they do offer emergency relief for farmers and ranchers, but it is still too early to tell which programs will kick in after the fire.

“It’s going to be on a case-by-case basis,” Jennings said. He advised producers to call their local county FSA offices as soon as possible to determine the next steps to take. Wheat farmers will likely have to lean on crop insurance, he said.

Until then, Padget said the number one priority for farmers is to protect themselves and their property.

“We’ll be talking about this for a long, long time to come,” Padget said.

Christmas tree farmers have narrowly approved a national checkoff program that raises about $1.8 million a year to promote and research the crop.

Though 51 percent of growers voted in favor of continuing the Christmas Tree Promotion Board during a recent referendum, the program continues to face uncertainty.

Another referendum would normally be required in seven years, but the USDA — which oversees the research and promotion checkoff — has announced that growers will again vote on its continuation in about one year.

The agency hasn’t specified why another vote will occur so soon, but a referendum may be held at the request of the secretary of the USDA, the Christmas Tree Promotion Board or by more than 10 percent of eligible farmers.

Roughly 1,500 Christmas tree growers across the U.S. who sell more than 500 trees a year and pay 15 cents per tree to fund the program are eligible to vote in the referendum.

“I’m pleased we’re going to be able to go forward,” said Betty Malone, a farmer near Philomath, Ore., who spearheaded the effort to start a checkoff for Christmas trees.

Even so, Malone said she’s surprised by the narrow margin of victory, since an internal “head count” of growers had indicated stronger support.

Holding another referendum in a year will create uncertainty at a time when the checkoff program needs to be making long-term decisions about research and promotions, she said.

“It’s absolutely crucial for our industry to do that kind of planning,” Malone said.

Frans Kok, a Virginia farmer who organized opposition to the checkoff, said he was disappointed by the result because he’d been cautiously optimistic growers had voted against continuing the program.

It’s likely USDA decided to hold another referendum next year because the vote was so close, he said.

“It gives us a chance,” Kok said. “A swing of 15 votes shouldn’t be so hard but we will get significant opposition working against us as well.”

Kok said he must discuss the situation with other growers who funded “Farmers Against Christmas Tree Taxation” to see if they’re willing to orchestrate a similar campaign in the future.

Many growers oppose the checkoff both because they feel it’s ineffective — consumers aren’t likely to grow more aware of Christmas trees — and because they feel the program was foist upon them.

The checkoff program was first allowed to operate for three seasons before a referendum was held, partly so organizers could compile a list of eligible farmers. Opponents, however, discount that rationale.

“Given the vote, you can see it’s extremely controversial,” Kok said.

If tariffs on U.S. agricultural exports don’t end soon, the federal government should consider all options to help growers, packers and shippers, the world’s largest sweet cherry producer told a congressional subcommittee.

Cass Gebbers, president and CEO of Gebbers Farms near Brewster, Wash., was one of five farmers who testified July 18 before the U.S. House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade regarding the impact of tariffs by foreign governments in retaliation to Trump administration tariffs on foreign steel, aluminum and other goods.

Subcommittee Chairman Don Reichert, R-Wash., said while President Donald Trump is correct to stand up to unfair trade practices, consequences to farmers and ranchers were predictable and are “severe” and “devastating.”

When cherry harvest began in June, cherries still went to China but growers got less money because of Chinese tariffs now at 50 percent on U.S. cherries, apples and pears, said Gebbers, who also spoke on behalf of the Northwest Horticultural Council.

“China is a unique market for our cherries. There is strong demand for the largest and highest quality and it is difficult to get anywhere close to the same price for these elite cherries in other markets,” Gebbers said.

Last year, more than 11 percent of the Northwest cherry crop and 32 percent of the exports, valued at roughly $130 million, went to China, he said.

Trade barriers to China will seriously depress cherry prices to other countries and domestically, he said.

Pear shipments to China were mostly complete for the season when tariffs were imposed but apples continued in small amounts and then were shut out when China imposed a 100 percent inspection causing fruit to sit at ports for days to weeks awaiting clearance and rejected on illegitimate phytosanitary concerns, he said.

“The risk was simply too great to continue to ship,” Gebbers said.

Cherries are beginning to face similar delayed inspections, which can cause them to rot before they are sold, he said.

Gebbers Farms and Chelan Fresh Marketing sell 4.5 million to 5 million, 20-pound boxes of cherries per season with about 1.5 million going to China, he said. It is the largest cherry export program in the country, he said.

Tariffs have caused canceled orders and “redirected our program downward by approximately 1 million boxes” forcing more fruit onto the domestic and other foreign market, pushing prices down, he said.

“These customers and accounts have been developed through years of hard work and relationship building and will be difficult to simply start up again if or when the tariff situation is ever resolved,” Gebbers said.

He said tariffs in China, India and Mexico will all hurt apple sales this fall and into next winter. Mexico, which is Washington’s largest apple export market, imposed a 20 percent tariff on apples and the last time there was a tariff at that level over a trucking dispute it cost Washington apple growers an estimated $44 million per season, he said.

Growers have no ability to pass on tariff costs so they cut into already “razor-thin margins,” he said, adding he is looking at lowering costs by laying off employees, canceling capital expenditures and stopping planting plans. All of that negatively impacts communities that depend on Gebbers Farms, he said.

While Canada and Japan have not imposed tariffs, Gebbers said he’s watching them because Canada is Washington’s No. 2 apple, pear and cherry market and Japan is important in cherries.

Capital Press

Owyhee Reservoir doesn’t have much water to spare, which makes Eastern Oregon farmer Bruce Corn think of the dry 2012.

Except that this time around, farmers are in better position to conserve water.

“After what we had been through in 2012, we are a lot more water-conscious than we used to be and there is not a farmer out there not trying to maximize and conserve as much storage as they can,” Corn said. Many since converted to sprinkler and drip irrigation systems that use less water than traditional gravity infrastructure, he said.

Eastern Oregon irrigators are doing what they can to save water as they head toward harvest. More are using water-saving systems and strategies. This year’s low snow accumulation was partly offset by “carryover storage” water left in the reservoir from the snowy 2016-17. That left growers in mostly good shape this season — Owyhee Irrigation District gave them full allotments — but hoping for better snowfall.

“It’s definitely on growers’ minds already,” said Jeff Aldred, senior sales specialist with Clearwater Supply in Ontario. The business offers drip-irrigation products and services. “As early as this winter, when the snow didn’t come, guys started making plans for 2019.”

The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation on July 17 reported Owyhee Reservoir was 56 percent full. In the separate Malheur River Basin north and west, the Bully Creek, Beulah and Warm Springs reservoirs were 31, 32 and 37 percent full, respectively.

Corn, who farms between Nyssa and Ontario, serves on the Owyhee Irrigation District board and Oregon Water Resources Commission. He said July 18 that Owyhee Reservoir contains nearly as much water as it did at the same point during 2012 even though there was more carryover storage back then. “That is because of the savings,” he said.

“Since then, there has been a significant amount of ground converted to sprinkler irrigation and to drip irrigation,” he said.

The area’s large onion crop is now about 75 percent drip-irrigated compared to 25 to 30 percent before the 2012 drought, Corn said. Converting from traditional gravity to sprinkler irrigation also has become more popular due to water and labor savings, he said.

More farmers, regardless of irrigation system used, are fine-tuning watering schedules and amounts by using sensors that show moisture levels in soil, and watching evapotranspiration levels, Corn said. Meanwhile, Owyhee Irrigation District continues conservation-geared improvements like installing pressurized systems in spots and piping canal laterals.

“We’re just looking ahead to save all we can for 2019.” he said.

Aldred said water-saving strategies for onion growers already using drip irrigation include adding acres to maximize drip coverage, and optimizing tape-like tubing designs and water-flow rates to best serve plants and soils. Producers also may choose to water crops from sources off the reservoir system, such as wells and certain ponds.

“The last time we had a short water year, I had a grower utilize ultra-low-flow tape on traditional bed spacing, and the (onion) crop turned out fine,” he said. This took more maintenance and moisture monitoring by the grower.

Frank Ausman, who owns Dairy of Ozz south of Nyssa, waters his cattle from wells and his feed crops from irrigation supply. Short-watering cattle is a virtual non-option especially for dairy cows, he said. Irrigating feed crops less can reduce yields and make the grower buy feed to cover a shortfall.

He serves on the Owyhee Irrigation District board. He said he expects the reservoir to be “awfully low by the time we get done with this season. We want to be as conservative as possible so we have carryover for next year.”

Water conditions in the Owyhee River Basin are hard to predict, Ausman said.

Brian Sauer, water operations manager for the Bureau of Reclamation Middle Snake Field Office in Boise, Idaho, said there is not much high-elevation area in the Owyhee watershed, so it is more drought-prone than some other basins.

But Owyhee Reservoir is big. That means if it fills, usually there is enough water in the system to meet demands in a current and subsequent year even if the subsequent year gets a below-normal supply, he said.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — A tractor operator who was killed in a wildfire that scorched 70 square miles in little more than 24 hours in the Pacific Northwest appears to have died trying to fight it, police said.

The blaze near the city of The Dalles started Tuesday and spread into a rural farming area with vast wheat fields.

Authorities found one person dead Wednesday near a burned tractor. The person was likely trying to use the heavy farm machinery to create a fire break to hold back flames, the Wasco County Sheriff’s Office said.

Dozens of homes have been evacuated because of the conflagration about 80 miles east of Portland.

Oregon Gov. Kate Brown declared a state of emergency Wednesday, marking the unofficial start to a Pacific Northwest Fire season that’s expected to be worse than normal.

Firefighters crept into the fields in water trucks and attempted to douse the leading edges of the fire from behind as it burned through acres of wheat, with everything behind the flames charred black.

The news of the fatality also came as authorities on Wednesday ordered additional mandatory evacuations in the small communities of Moro and Grass Valley and closed U.S. Route 97 in that area. Grass Valley’s evacuation was eased Wednesday night as firefighters focused on saving structures in that area, Substation fire spokesman Stefan Myers said.

Oregon’s fires come as other states across the American West, including California and Colorado, have struggled with massive blazes that have torn through land gripped by drought.

“In Oregon, very low humidity, high temperatures and winds gusting up to 30 mph (48 kph) made the flames explosive in thin grasses and wheat fields,” said Robin DeMario, a spokeswoman for the Northwest Interagency Coordination Center.

“These light fuels go up very quickly,” DeMario said. “The grassy stalks are very dry, they have lost the moisture in those stalks, and so if a fire start begins, we call it ‘flashy fuels’ because it burns very fast and very hot.”

Elsewhere in the state, several fires started by lightning over the weekend burned as temperatures flirted with triple digits.

One fire in southern Oregon forced the evacuation of two houses and 33 more homeowners prepared to flee Wednesday after the flames spread near the California border.

Another blaze about 200 miles east of Portland was tamped down after farmers and ranchers used their heavy equipment to help create lines to contain the flames. Some fences and horse corrals burned, but no homes were lost, said Melissa Ross, Morrow County Sheriff’s Office spokeswoman.

“In some instances, it was very close (and) if not for all those who turned out to help, the end of this story would have been very different,” she said.

Elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest, a small fire near Spokane Valley, Wash., prompted evacuation notices for 700 homes Tuesday night. Most were able to return home Wednesday. Several homes caught fire, Spokane Valley Fire Department spokeswoman Melanie Rose said. Two structures were destroyed, officials said.

In California, a deadly forest fire was spreading west of Yosemite National Park, keeping a key route into the park shut down during tourist season and forcing communities to evacuate. But the park’s trails, campgrounds, restaurants and lodges are open, though smoke is polluting the air and limiting visibility.

More than 1,800 firefighters are battling the blaze that started Friday and now spans 27 square miles, the U.S. Forest Service said.